Abstract
In the past 15 years spray application technology developed at an incredible pace. In this chapter we describe progress in areas independent of spray equipment that can largely improve the efficacy of pesticide applications and reduce risk to the environment and to human health. The efficacy of foliar application , which is still the predominant pest control method, depends very much on the properties of spray formulations . Not only nozzle types but also formulation adjuvant and solvents can help to optimize droplet size and properties. Encapsulation technologies are described that allow the control of release of active ingredient from a spray formulation after application to the foliage. Pest organisms or diseases often are not evenly distributed across a target crop. Diseased or infested plants can be treated individually, while healthy plants are left untreated through trunk injection . Finally target organisms, particularly insects can be lured to a treated area that is several magnitudes smaller than the area protected, thus reducing the amount of pesticide necessary for effective control.
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Langewald, J., Auweter, H., Dieleman, C. (2010). Delivery Optimization for Pesticides . In: Oerke, EC., Gerhards, R., Menz, G., Sikora, R. (eds) Precision Crop Protection - the Challenge and Use of Heterogeneity. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9277-9_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9277-9_19
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