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Cumulative Effects of Rapid Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia

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Eurasian Arctic Land Cover and Land Use in a Changing Climate

Abstract

The Yamal Peninsula in northwest Siberia is undergoing some of the most rapid land-cover and land-use changes in the Arctic due to a combination of gas development, reindeer herding, and climate change. Unusual geological conditions (nutrient-poor sands, massive ground ice and extensive landslides) exacerbate the impacts. These changes will likely increase markedly as transportation corridors are built to transport the gas to market. Understanding the nature, extent, causes and consequences (i.e., the cumulative effects) of the past and ongoing rapid changes on the Yamal is important for effective, long-term decision-making and planning. The cumulative effects to vegetation are the focus of this chapter because the plants are a critical component of the Yamal landscape that support the indigenous Nenets people and their reindeer and also protect the underlying ice-rich permafrost from melting. We are using a combination of ground-based studies (a transect of five locations across the Yamal), remote-sensing studies, and analyses of Nenets land-use activities to develop vegetation-change models that can be used to help anticipate future states of the tundra and how those changes might affect traditional reindeer herding practices and the thermal state of the permafrost. This chapter provides an overview of the approach, some early results, and recommendations for expanding the concept of cumulative-effects analysis to include examining the simultaneous and interactive effects of multiple drivers of change.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The Arctic bioclimate subzones are defined by key plant growth forms, species limits and mean July temperatures (MJT): Subzone A: cushion-forb, Saxifraga oppositifolia, MJT <3°C. Subzone B: prostrate-dwarf-shrub, Dryas integrifolia, 3°C < MJT <5°C. Subzone C: hemiprostrate-dwarf-shrub, Cassiope tetragona, 5°C < MJT <7°C. Subzone D: erect-dwarf-shrub, Betula nana/exilis, 7°C < MJT <9°C. Subzone E: low-shrub, Alnus viridis, 9°C < MJT <12ºC (Walker et al. 2005).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, Alaska Geobotany Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7000, Fairbanks, USA

    Donald A. Walker

  2. Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101, Rovaniemi, Finland

    Bruce C. Forbes, Dmitri S. Drozdov, Anu Pajunen & Florian Stammler

  3. Earth Cryosphere Institute, 117982, Moscow, Russia

    Marina O. Leibman

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, PO Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4123, USA

    Howard E. Epstein & Qin Yu

  5. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Geophysical Institute, IARC Room 307, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7320, USA

    Uma S. Bhatt

  6. Cryospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 20771, Greenbelt, MD, USA

    Josefino C. Comiso

  7. Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, 625000, Tyumen, Russia

    Anatoly A. Gubarkov

  8. START Regional Center for Temperate East Asia, Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, PO Box 9804, Beijing, 100029, China

    Gensuo J. Jia

  9. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Umeå, 90187, Umeå, Sweden

    Elina Kaarlejärvi

  10. EPFL Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, ENAC-ARVE, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Jed O. Kaplan

  11. Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, Volodarsky str. 38, Tyumen, 625000, Russia

    Artem V. Khomutov

  12. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA

    Gary P. Kofinas & Vladimir E. Romanovsky

  13. Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland

    Timo Kumpula

  14. Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland

    Patrick Kuss

  15. Earth Cryosphere Institute, SB RAS, 117982, Moscow, Russia

    Natalia G. Moskalenko

  16. Department of the Northern Studies, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky pr. 32-A, Moscow, 119334, Russia

    Nina A. Meschtyb

  17. Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7000, USA

    Martha K. Raynolds

Authors
  1. Donald A. Walker
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  2. Bruce C. Forbes
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  11. Jed O. Kaplan
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  12. Artem V. Khomutov
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  14. Timo Kumpula
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  15. Patrick Kuss
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  16. Natalia G. Moskalenko
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  17. Nina A. Meschtyb
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  18. Anu Pajunen
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  19. Martha K. Raynolds
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  20. Vladimir E. Romanovsky
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  21. Florian Stammler
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  22. Qin Yu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Donald A. Walker .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. NASA Headquarters, E. Street, SW 300, Washington, 20546, District of Columbia, USA

    Garik Gutman

  2. University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, iLEAPS International Project Office, Erik Palmenin aukio 1 2a, Helsinki, 00014, Finland

    Anni Reissell

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Walker, D.A. et al. (2010). Cumulative Effects of Rapid Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. In: Gutman, G., Reissell, A. (eds) Eurasian Arctic Land Cover and Land Use in a Changing Climate. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_9

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