Abstract
Chapters 6 through 10 examine male and female fertility determinants at the individual level by analyzing data derived from the NSFG Cycle 6. Since demographic and socioeconomic factors have long been documented to be influential on female fertility, this chapter investigates how men’s fertility outcome is differentiated by their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The chapter also contrasts the effects of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics on male and female fertility results. The central covariates applied in the analysis to measure demographic and socioeconomic characteristics are age, racial and ethnic composition, nativity, metropolitan residence, marriage, education, income and labor force participation. The chapter demonstrates how men’s and women’s fertility outcomes are determined by the above factors. Meanwhile, it highlights those demographic and socioeconomic covariates that are able to differentiate male and female fertility outcomes. Several important implications are drawn from the research. The discussion at the end the chapter also enlightens the reader how this current analysis helps to construct fertility theories of men by examining demographic and socioeconomic covariates.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Alexander, K., & Reilly, T. (1981). Estimating the effects of marriage timing on educational attainment: Some procedural issues and substantive clarifications. American Journal of Sociology, 87, 143–156.
Anderson, J. E. (1975). The relationship between change in educational attainment and fertility rates in Taiwan. Studies in Family Planning, 6(3), 72–81.
Aneshensel, C. S., Fielder, E. P., & Becerra, R. M. (1989). Fertility and fertility-related behavior among Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White female adolescents. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30(1), 56–76.
Bachu, A. (1996). Fertility of American Men: US Census Bureau Population Division Working Paper, No.14.
Bean, F. D., Swicegood, G., & Berg, R. (2000). Mexican-origin fertility: New patterns and interpretations. Social Science Quarterly, 81(1), 404–420.
Ben-Porath, Y. (1973). Economic analysis of fertility in Israel: Point and counter point. Journal of Political Economy, 81(2), 202–233.
Bongaarts, J. (1982). The fertility-inhibiting effects of the intermediate fertility variables. Studies in Family Planning, 13(6), 179–189.
Borg, M. O. M. (1989). The income-fertility relationship: Effect of the net price of a child. Demography, 26(2), 301–310.
Budig, M. J. (2003). Are women’s employment and fertility histories interdependent? An examination of causal order using event history analysis. Social Science Research, 32, 376–401.
Burnight, R. G., Whetten, N. L., & Waxman, B. D. (1956). Differential rural-urban fertility in Mexico. American Sociological Review, 21(1), 3–8.
Butz, W. P., & Ward, M. P. (1979). Will U.S. fertility remain low? A new economic interpretation. Population and Development Review, 5(4), 663–688.
Cameron, L. A., Dowling, M., & Worswick, C. (2001). Education and labor market participation of women in Asia: Evidence from five countries. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 49(3), 459–477.
Coale, A. J., & Trussell, J. (1974). Model fertility schedules: Variations in the age structure of childbearing in human populations. Population Studies, 44, 203–213.
Coale, A. J., & Tye, C. Y. (1961). The significance of age-patterns of fertility in high fertility populations. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 39(4), 631–646.
Corijn, M., & Klijzing, E. (2001). Transitions to adulthood in Europe. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Devaney, B. (1983). An analysis of variations in U.S. fertility and female labor force participation trends. Demography, 20(2), 147–161.
Dreze, J., & Murthi, M. (2001). Fertility, education, and development: Evidence from India. Population and Development Review, 27(1), 33–63.
Easterlin, R. A. (1973). Relative economic status and America fertility swing. In E. B. Sheldon (Ed.), Family economic behavior (pp. 67–90). Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott.
Forste, R., & Tienda, M. (1996). What’s behind racial and ethnic fertility differentials? Population and Development Review, 22, Supplement: Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories, 109–133.
Freedman, D. S., & Thornto, A. (1982). Income and fertility: The elusive relationship. Demography, 19(1), 65–78.
Goldman, N., & Montgomery, M. (1989). Fecundability and husband’s age. Social Biology, 36(3–4), 146–166.
Goldstein, S., & Mayer, K. B. (1965). Residence status and differences in fertility. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 43(3), 291–310.
Hervitz, H. M. (1985). Selectivity, adaptation, or disruption? A comparison of alternative hypotheses on the effects of migration on fertility: The case of Brazil. International Migration Review, 19(2), 293–317.
Jaffe, A. J., & Cullen, R. M. (1975). Fertility of the Puerto Rican origin population-Mainland United States and Puerto Rico: 1970. International Migration Review, 9(2), 193–209.
Jain, A. (1981). The effect of female education on fertility: A simple explanation. Demography, 18(4), 577–595.
Johnson, N. E. (1979). Minority group status and the fertility of Black Americans. American Journal of Sociology, 84, 1386–1400.
Kahn, J. R. (1994). Immigrant and native fertility during the 1980s: Adaptation and expectations for the future. International Migration Review, 28(3), 501–519.
Keyfitz, N. (1977). Applied mathematical demography. New York, NY: Wiley.
Kravdal, O. P. (2002). Education and fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa: Individual and community effects. Demography, 39(2), 233–250.
Lavely, W. R. (1986). Age patterns of Chinese marital fertility, 1950–1981. Demography, 23(3), 419–434.
Lehrer, E., & Nerlove, M. (1986). Female labor force participation and fertility in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology, 12, 181–204.
Levin, M. L., & O’Hara, C. J. (1978). The impact of marital history of current husband on the fertility of remarried White women in the United States. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 40(1), 95–102.
Li, W. L. (1973). Temporal and spatial analysis of fertility decline in Taiwan. Population Studies, 27(1), 97–104.
London, B. (1992). School-enrollment rates and trends, gender, and fertility: A cross-national analysis. Sociology of Education, 65(4), 306–316.
Long, J. S., & Freese, J. (2006). Regression models for categorical dependent variables using stata (2nd ed.). College Station: Stata Press.
Martin, T. C. (1995). Women’s education and fertility: Results from 26 demographic and health surveys. Studies in Family Planning, 26(4), 187–202.
Martin, D., & Stanfors, M. A. (2006). Education, Work and Parenthood: The Experience of Young Men and Women in Post-War Sweden. Paper presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meetings, Los Angeles, CA.
Miller, B. C., & Heaton, T. B. (1991). Age at first sexual intercourse and the timing of marriage and childbirth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53(3), 719–732.
Mincer, J. (1963). Market prices, opportunity costs, and income effects. In C. Crist (Ed.), Measurement in economics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Mineau, G. P., & Trussell, J. (1982). A specification of marital fertility by parents’ age, age at marriage and marital duration. Demography, 19(3), 335–349.
Mosher, W. D., Johnson, D. P., & Horn, M. C. (1986). Religion and fertility in the United States: The importance of marriage patterns and Hispanic origin. Demography, 23(3), 367–379.
Muller, E., & Cohn, R. (1977). The relation of income to fertility decisions in Taiwan. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 25(2), 325–347.
National Center for Health Statistics (2005). Fertility, family planning and reproductive health of U.S. women: Data from the 2002 national survey of family growth. Maryland, MD: Hyattsville.
Okore, A. O. (1980). Rural-urban fertility differentials in Southern Nigeria: An assessment of some available evidence. Population Studies, 34(1), 171–179.
Paget, W. J., & Timaeus, I. M. (1994). A relational Gompertz model of male fertility: Development and assessment. Population Studies, 48(2), 333–340.
Poston, J., & Dudley, L. (2000). Social and economic development and the fertility transitions in Mainland China and Taiwan. Population and Development Review, 26, Supplement, 40–60.
Rendall, M. S., Joyner, K., Peters, H. E., Yang, F., Handcock, M. S., & Ryan, A. (2006). A Bayesian Approach to Combining Population and Survey Data for Male Fertility Estimation. Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of Population Association of America, Los Angeles, CA.
Rindfuss, R. R., Bumpass, L., & John, C. S. (1980). Education and fertility: Implications for the role women occupy. American Sociological Review, 45(3), 431–447.
Rindfuss, R. R., Guzzo, K. B., & Morgan, S. P. (2003). The changing institutional context f low fertility. Population Research and Policy Review, 21(5–6), 411–438.
Rindfuss, R. R., Morgan, P., & Offutt, K. (1996). Education and the changing age pattern of American fertility: 1963–1989. Demography, 33(3), 277–290.
Robinson, W. C. (1963). Urbanization and fertility: The Non-Western experience. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 41(3), 291–308.
Rodrigues, G., & Cleland, J. (1981). The effects of socioeconomic characteristics on fertility in 20 countries. International Family Planning Perspectives, 7(3), 93–101.
Saenz, R. (2004). Latinos and the Changing Face of American at the Turn of the Century: Population Reference Bureau, Russell Sage Foundation Census 2000 Publication Series.
Saenz, R., & Morales, M. C. (2005). Demography of race and ethnicity. In J. Poston, L. Dudley, & M. Micklin (Eds.), Handbook of population. New York, NY: Academics/Klewers.
Sanchez, J. J. (1998). Relationships between nuptiality and fertility: A case study on the Spanish province of Navarre, 1786–1991. Population Studies, 52(1), 105–115.
Singley, S. G., & Landale, N. S. (1998). Incorporating origin and process in migration fertility frameworks: The case of Puerto Rican women. Social Forces, 76(4), 1437–1464.
Skirbekk, V., Kohler, H. -P., & Prskawetz, A. (2004). Birth month, school graduation, and the timing of births and marriages. Demography, 41(3), 547–568.
Smith-Lovin, L., & Tickamyer, A. R. (1978). Nonrecursive models of labor force participation, fertility behavior and sex role attitudes. American Sociological Review, 43(4), 541–557.
South, S. J., & Baumer, E. P. (2000). Deciphering community and race effects on adolescent premarital childbearing. Social Forces, 78(4), 1379–1408.
Stephen, E. H., & Bean, F. D. (1992). Assimilation, disruption and the fertility of Mexican-origin women in the United States. International Migration Review, 26(1), 67–88.
Teachman, J. D., & Polonko, K. A. (1988). Marriage, parenthood, and the college enrollment of men and women. Social Forces, 67(2), 512–523.
Thornto, A. (1978). The relationship between fertility and income, relative income, and expected well-being. In J. Simon (Ed.), Research in population economics (Vol. I), Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
van de Walle, F. (1980). Education and the demographic transition in Switzerland. Population and Development Review, 6(3), 463–472.
Waite, L. J., & Stolzenberg, R. M. (1976). Intended childbearing and labor force participation of young women: Insights from nonrecursive models. American Sociological Review, 41(2), 235–251.
Watkins, S. (1986). Conclusions. In A. J. Coale & S. Watkins (Eds.), The decline of fertility in Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Weinberger, M. B. (1987). The relationship between women’s education and fertility: Selected findings from the world fertility surveys. International Family Planning Perspectives, 13(2), 35–46.
Westoff, C., & Ryder, N. (1977). The contraceptive revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Wildsmith, E., & Raley, R. K. (May 2006). Race-ethnic differences in nonmarital fertility: A focus on Mexican American women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 491–508.
Wood, J. W., & Weinstein, M. (1988). A model of age-specific fecundability. Population Studies, 42, 85–113.
Xie, Y., & Pimentel, E. E. (1992). Age patterns of marital fertility: Revising the Coale-Trussell method. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87(420), 977–984.
Zeng, Y., & Vaupel, J. W. (1989). The impact of urbanization and delayed childbearing on population growth and aging in China. Population and Development Review, 15(3), 425–445.
Zeng, Y., Vaupel, J. W., & Yashin, A. I. (1985). Marriage and fertility in China: A graphical analysis. Population and Development Review, 11(4), 721–736.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhang, L. (2011). Demographic, Socioeconomic Characteristics, and Male and Female Fertiltiy. In: Male Fertility Patterns and Determinants. The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8939-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8939-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8938-0
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-8939-7
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)