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A Continuum of Care Model for HIV in Correctional Settings

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Crime, HIV and Health: Intersections of Criminal Justice and Public Health Concerns

Abstract

The rates of HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV) in prisons in the United States exceed those among the general population. Prisoners represent some of the highest risk groups for HIV and HCV, notably injection drug users, sex workers, and substance-addicted persons. The high risk for disease transmission among prison inmates prior to their incarceration, as well as the relative ease in accessing these populations, underscores the importance of implementing HIV/HCV prevention/intervention services in incarcerated settings. An HIV/HCV Continuum of Care that includes testing, linkage to care for those who test positive, and prevention efforts prior to inmate release, provides a useful model. This chapter presents an overview of this model, as well as an example of a research project focused on one of its components: prevention among inmates just prior to their release. First, HIV/HCV in prisons is discussed. Second, existing HIV/HCV intervention and prevention packages geared towards inmates are reviewed. Next, an HIV Continuum of Care model is presented, which includes various recommendations based on the immediate needs of the inmates, as well as evidence from a case study from the prevention aspect of the model. A discussion on the implications of the HIV Continuum and other similar programs concludes the chapter.

The findings and conclusions of this chapter are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies, a cooperative agreement with NIDA (grant U01 DA16230), funded this research. Please send all inquiries to: Daniel J. O’Connell, Ph.D., Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, 257 E. Main Street, Newark, DE 19716 (302) 831-6107 (office) (302) 831-3307 (fax) oconnell@udel.edu.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The Cooperative has continued into a second phase, CJ-DATS2, focusing exclusively on implementation science related to drug abuse issues in criminal justice See http://www.cjdats.org for more information.

  2. 2.

    Versions for other race/ethnicities were not created because the study population did not include many other than White and African American to test hypotheses.

  3. 3.

    For a complete and detailed review of the three conditions, see Inciardi et al. 2007.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    Daniel J. O’Connell Ph.D., Steven S. Martin & Christy A. Visher Ph.D.

  2. Sociology and Criminal Justice Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    Holly Swan

  3. Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Carl Leukefeld Ph.D.

  4. Center for Research on Substance Use and Health Disparities, Nova Southeastern University, Coral Gables, FL, USA

    Hilary L. Surratt Ph.D.

  5. Criminology, Law and Society Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA

    Faye S. Taxman Ph.D. & Anne Rhodes M.S.

Authors
  1. Daniel J. O’Connell Ph.D.
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  2. Holly Swan
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  3. Steven S. Martin
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  4. Hilary L. Surratt Ph.D.
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  5. Christy A. Visher Ph.D.
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  6. Carl Leukefeld Ph.D.
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  7. Faye S. Taxman Ph.D.
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  8. Anne Rhodes M.S.
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Correspondence to Daniel J. O’Connell Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Criminal Justice &, Criminalistics, California State University, Los Angeles, State University Drive 5151, Los Angeles, 90032, California, USA

    Bill Sanders

  2. , Howard University, Office of Regulatory Research Compliance, 7th Street 1840, Washington, 20001, District of Columbia, USA

    Yonette F. Thomas

  3. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Div. Epidemiology, Services &, National Institutes of Health, Executive Blvd. 6001, Bethesda, 20892-9589, Maryland, USA

    Bethany Griffin Deeds

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O’Connell, D.J. et al. (2013). A Continuum of Care Model for HIV in Correctional Settings. In: Sanders, B., Thomas, Y., Griffin Deeds, B. (eds) Crime, HIV and Health: Intersections of Criminal Justice and Public Health Concerns. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8921-2_14

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