Abstract
This chapter introduces the reader to the many issues schools are facing that relate to gender and sexual diversity. This chapter presents a brief overview of some of the main topics including bullying and harassment, diversity and equity, sexual and emotional health, positive school climates, and academic success. It also presents some related educational theories and situates how the theoretical foundations of each argue for inclusive discussions of gender and sexual diversity. The following educational philosophies are introduced: democratic, critical pedagogy, multicultural, social justice, feminist, anti-oppressive, and queer. Finally, the chapter gives examples from the curriculum, extracurricular activities, and school design to show how sexual and gender diversity are already present in schools, but generally not addressed in positive or inclusive ways.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
I am using the abbreviation BGLQT in this book, however you may also see written as GLBT, LGBT, or GLB. I have chosen to list the letters in alphabetical order since many groups feel that the order of the letters may indicate a priority being placed on the issues of gay men and/or lesbians. In the spirit of equality, I have opted to use alphabetical order: BGLQT. In other parts of this volume, you may see only LGB which indicates that transgender people or the term “queer” were not addressed in that particular study or publication.
- 2.
I use the term “trans” here to refer to multiple identities that challenge the sex and gender binary: transgender, transsexual, and transformed
References
Abdollah, T. (2008). Ventura county, hueneme school district face claims in Oxnard killing [Electronic Version]. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 7, 2008, from http://www.latimes.com/news/education/la-me-oxnard16-2008avg
Adams, N., & Bettis, P. (2008). Cheerleading. In C. Mitchell & J. Reid-Walsh (Eds.), Girl culture: An encyclopedia (pp. 224–226). Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.
Airton, L. (2009). Untangling ‘Gender Diversity’: Genderism and Its discontents (i.e., Everyone). In S. Steinberg (Ed.), Diversity and multiculturalism: A reader (pp. 223–245). New York: Peter Lang.
Anzaldua, G. (1987/2007). Borderlands/La Frontera The New Mestiza. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.
Apple, M. (2000). Official knowledge: Democratic education in a conservative age (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Arnot, M. (2002). Cultural reproduction: The pedagogy of sexuality. In Reproducing gender? Essays on educational theory and feminist politics (pp. 41–53). London: Routledge-Falmer.
Banks, J. (1994). An introduction to multicultural education. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Bell, L. A. (1997). Theoretical foundations for social justice education. In M. Adams, L. Bell & P. Griffin (Eds.), Teaching for diversity and social justice (pp. 3–15). New York: Routledge.
Bem, S. (1993). The Lenses of gender: Transforming the debate on sexual inequality. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Blaise, M. (2005). Playing it straight!: Uncovering gender discourses in the early childhood classroom. New York: Routledge Press.
Blount, J. M. (1996, Summer). Manly men and womanly women: Deviance, gender role polarization, and the shift in women’s school employment, 1900–1976. Harvard Educational Review, 66 (2), 318–338
Blount, J. M. (2005). Fit to teach: Same-sex desire, gender, and school work in the twentieth century. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Bornstein, K. (1997). Preface. In C. Queen & L. Schimel (Eds.), Pomosexuals: Challenging assumptions about gender and sexuality (pp. 13–17). San Francisco: Cleis Press, Inc.
Britzman, D. (1995). Is there a queer pedagogy? or, stop reading straight. Educational Theory, 45 (2), 151–165.
Britzman, D. (2000). Precocious education. In S. Talburt & S. Steinberg (Eds.), Thinking queer: Sexuality, culture, and education (pp. 33–60). New York: Peter Lang.
Britzman, D., & Gilbert, J. (2004). What will have been said about gayness in teacher education. Teaching Education, 15 (1), 81–96.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble. New York: Routledge Falmer.
California Safe Schools Coalition. (2004). Consequences of harassment based on actual or perceived sexual orientation and gender non-conformity and steps for making schools safer. Davis: University of California.
Chase, C. (2003). Hermaphrodites with attitude: Mapping the emergence of intersex political activism. In R. J. Corber & S. Valocchi (Eds.), Queer studies: An interdisciplinary reader (pp. 31–45). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Craig, W. M., Pepler, D.J., Jiang, D., & Connolly, J. (in preparation). Victimization in children and adolescents: A developmental and relational perspective. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://prevnet.ca/Bullying/BullyingStatistics/tabid/122/Default.aspx
Dijkstra, J. K., Lindenberg, S., & Veenstra, R. (2007). Same-gender and cross-gender peer acceptance and peer rejection and their relation to bullying and helping among preadolescents: Comparing predictions from gender-homophily and goal-framing approaches. Developmental Psychology, 43 (6), 1377–1389.
Ennis, R. (1976). Equality of educational opportunity. Educational Theory, 26, 3–18.
Fausto-Sterling, A. (2000). Sexing the body: Gender politics and the construction of sexuality. New York: Basic Books.
Feinberg, L. (1993). Stone butch blues. Amherst, New York: Firebrand Books.
Feinberg, L. (1998). Allow me to introduce myself. In Transliberation: Beyond pink or blue. Boston: Beacon Press.
Fraser, J. (1996). Democracy. In J. J. Chambliss (Ed.), Philosophy of education: An encyclopedia (pp. 139–143). New York and London: Garland Publishing.
Friend, R. (1993). Choices, not closets: Heterosexism and homophobia in schools. In L. Weis & M. Fine (Eds.), Beyond silenced voices: Class, race, and gender in United States schools (pp. 209–235). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Friere, P. (1970/1993). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum.
Giroux, H. (1991). Modernism, postmodernism and feminism: Rethinking the boundaries of educational discourse. In Postmodernism, feminism, and cultural politics (pp. 1–59). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Giroux, H. (1998). An activist forum V: Racing justice. In W. Ayers, J. A. Hunt & T. Quinn (Eds.), Teaching for social justice (pp. 290–291). New York: Teachers College Press.
Graham, S., & Bellmore, A. D. (2007). Peer victimization and mental health during early adolescence. Theory Into Practice, 46 (2), 138–146.
Gramsci, A. (1971/1995). Further selections from the prison notebooks (D. Boothman, Trans.). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Gramsci, A. (1995). Further selections from the prison notebooks (D. Boothman, Trans.). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Greene, M. (1998). Introduction: teaching for social justice. In W. Ayers, J. A. Hunt & T. Quinn (Eds.), Teaching for social justice (pp. xxvii–xlvi). New York: Teachers College Press.
Gruber, J. E., & Fineran, S. (2007). The Impact of bullying and sexual harassment on middle and high school girls. Violence Against Women, 13 (6), 627–643.
Gutman, A. (1987). Democratic education. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
hooks, b. (1994). Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. New York: Routledge-Falmer.
Howe, K. (1997). Understanding equal educational opportunity: Social justice and democracy in schooling. New York: Teacher’s College Press.
Jagose, A. (1996). Queer theory: An introduction. New York: New York University Press.
Kanpol, B. (1994). Critical pedagogy: An introduction. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey.
Kellner, D. (2009). Guys and guns amok. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.
Kimmel, M. S., & Mahler, M. (2003). Adolescent masculinity, homophobia, and violence: random school shootings, 1982–2001. American Behavioral Scientist, 46 (10), 1439–1458.
Kincheloe, J. (2005). Critical pedagogy. New York: Peter Lang.
Kincheloe, J., & Steinberg, S. (1997). Changing multiculturalism. Buckingham, UK & Philadelphia, USA: Open University Press.
King, J. E. (1991). Dysconsious racism: Ideology, identity, and the miseducation of teachers. Journal of Negro Education, 60 (2), 133–146.
Kissen, R. (Ed.). (2002). Getting ready for benjamin: Preparing teachers for sexual diversity in the classroom. Oxford: Rowman Littlefield.
Klein, J. (2006). Cultural capital and high school bullies: How social inequality impacts school violence. Men and Masculinities, 9 (1), 53–75.
Kosciw, J., & Diaz, E. (2006). The 2005 national school climate survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: The Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network.
Kosciw, J., & Diaz, E. (2008). Involved, invisible, ignored: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents and their children in our Nation’s K–12 schools. New York: GLSEN.
Kosciw, J., Diaz, E., & Gretytak, E. (2008). 2007 National school climate survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN.
Kozol, J. (1991). Savage inequalities. New York: Crown.
Kumashiro, K. (2002). Troubling education: Queer activism and antioppressive pedagogy. New York: Routledge-Falmer.
Kumashiro, K. (2004). Against common sense: Teaching and learning toward social justice. New York: Routledge-Falmer.
Letts, W. J. (2002). Revisioning multiculturalism in teacher education: Isn’t it queer? In R. Kissen (Ed.), Getting ready for benjamin: Preparing teachers for sexual diversity in the classroom (pp. 119–131). Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield.
Macgillivray, I. K., & Jennings, T. (2008). A content analysis exploring lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender topics in foundations of education textbooks. Journal of Teacher Education, 59 (2), 170–188.
Maher, F. A., & Tetreault, M. K. T. (1994). The feminist classroom. New York: Basic Books.
Massachusetts high school students and sexual orientation: Results of the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. (1999). Boston: Massachusetts Department of Education: School Nutrition, Safety, and Climate Unit.
McGuiness, W. (2009). School yard bully [Electronic Version]. The Advocate.com. Retrieved June 3, 2009 from http://www.advocate.com/exclusive_detail_ektid78827.asp.
McLaren, P. (1995). Moral Panic, schooling and gay identity: Critical pedagogy and the politics of resistance. In G. Unks (Ed.), The gay teen: Educational practice and theory for lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents (pp. 105–123). New York: Routledge.
Meyer, E. J. (2006). Gendered harassment in North America: School-based interventions for reducing homophobia and heterosexism. In C. Mitchell & F. Leach (Eds.), Combating gender violence in and around Schools (pp. 43–50). Stoke on Trent, UK: Trentham Books.
Meyer, E. J. (2008). Gendered harassment in secondary schools: Understanding teachers’ (non)interventions. Gender & Education, 20 (6), 555–572.
Meyer, E. J. (2009). Gender, bullying, and harassment: Strategies to end sexism and homophobia in schools. New York: Teachers College Press.
North, C. E. (2006). More than words? Delving into the substantive meaning(s) of “Social Justice” in education. Review of Educational Research, 76 (4), 507–535.
Ozmon, H. A., & Craver, S. M. (1999). Marxism and education. In Philosophical foundations of education (6th ed., pp. 316–348). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Perrotti, J., & Westheimer, K. (2001). When the drama club is not enough: Lessons from the safe schools program for gay and lesbian students. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Phillips, D. A. (2007). Punking and bullying: Strategies in middle school, high school, and beyond. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22 (2), 158–178.
Renold, E. (2000). Coming out: Gender (hetero)sexuality and the primary school. Gender and Education, 12(3), 309–326.
Renold, E. (2003). If you don’t kiss me you’re dumped: Boys, boyfriends and heterosexualised masculinities in the primary school. Educational Review, 55(2), 179–194.
Renold, E. (2006). “They won’t let us play ... Unless you're going out with one of them”: Girls, boys and butler’s “Heterosexual matrix” in the primary years. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 27 (4), 489–509.
Rich, A. (1978/1993). Compulsory heterosexuality and lesbian existence. In H. Abelove, D. Halperin & M. A. Barale (Eds.), The Lesbian and gay studies reader (pp. 227–254). New York: Routledge.
Rigby, K., & Slee, P. (1999). Suicidal ideation among adolescent school children, involvement in bully-victim problems, and perceived social support. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 29 (2), 119–130.
Russell, S. T., McGuire, J.K., Laub, C., Manke, E., O’Shaughnessy, M., Heck, K., & et al. (2006). Harassment in school based on actual or perceived sexual orientation. San Francisco, CA: California Safe Schools Coalition.
Sedgwick, E. K. (1990/1993). Epistemology of the closet. In H. Abelove, M. A. Barale & D. M. Halperin (Eds.), The Lesbian and gay studies reader (pp. 45–61). New York: Routledge.
Setoodeh, R. (2008, July 28). Young, gay and murdered. Newsweek, CLII, 40–46.
Slee, P. (1995). Bullying: Health concerns of Australian secondary school students. International Journal of Adolescence & Youth, 5 (4), 215–224.
Sleeter, C., & Grant, C. (1994). Making choices for multicultural education: Five approaches to race, class and gender. Toronto, ON: Maxwell Macmillan Canada.
Steinberg, S. (Ed.). (2009). Diversity and multiculturalism: A reader. New York: Peter Lang.
Stoudt, B. G. (2006). You’re either in or you’re out: School violence, peer discipline, and the (re)production of hegemonic masculinity. Men and Masculinities, 8 (3), 273–287.
Szlacha, L. (2003). Safer sexual diversity climates: Lessons learned from an evaluation of Massachusetts safe schools program for gay and lesbian students. American Journal of Education, 110 (1), 58–88.
van Wormer, K., & McKinney, R. (2003). What schools can do to help gay/lesbian/bisexual youth: A harm reduction approach. Adolescence, 38 (151), 409.
Weiler, K. (2001). Rereading paulo friere. In K. Weiler (Ed.), Feminist engagements: Reading, resisting, and revisioning male theorists in education and cultural studies (pp. 67–87). New York: Routledge.
Weis, L., & Fine, M. (Eds.). (2005). Beyond silenced voices: Class, race, and gender in United States schools(Rev. ed.). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender and Society, 1 (2), 125–151.
Westheimer, J., & Kahne, J. (1998). Education for action: Preparing youth for participatory democracy. In W. Ayers, J. A. Hunt & T. Quinn (Eds.), Teaching for social justice (pp. 1–20). New York: Teachers College Press.
Wilchins, R. A. (1997). Lines in the sand, cries of desire. In C. Queen & L. Schimel (Eds.), Pomosexuals: Challenging assumptions about gender and sexuality (pp. 138–149). San Francisco: Cleis Press.
Young, A. J., & Middleton, M. J. (2002). The gay ghetto in the geography of education textbooks. In R. Kissen (Ed.), Getting ready for Benjamin: Preparing teachers for sexual diversity in the classroom (pp. 91–102). Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield.
Young, R., & Sweeting, H. (2004). Adolescent bullying, relationships, psychological Well-Being, and gender-atypical behavior: A gender diagnosticity approach. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 50, 7–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Meyer, E.J. (2010). Introduction: Why Learn About Gender and Sexual Diversity in Schools?. In: Gender and Sexual Diversity in Schools. Explorations of Educational Purpose, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8559-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8559-7_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8558-0
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-8559-7
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)