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Chapter 3 Control of the Metabolic Flow in Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis: Regulation of Expression and Activity of Enzymes in the Mg Branch of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis

  • Chapter
The Chloroplast

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 31))

Summary

The complex regulation, metabolism and physiology of the Mg branch of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis have developed into an attractive research area. Any change in plant development as well as in growth and environmental conditions provokes changes in metabolic activities of chlorophyll synthesis including de novo synthesis of proteins and cofactors, as well as protein modification and degradation. Transcriptional and different posttranslational control mechanisms have been reported for chlorophyll synthesis, which underscore the need for a very dynamic and flexible regulatory system. In the following paragraphs the enzymes of the Mg branch and their unique catalytic reactions are introduced. The control of expression and posttranslational modification of enzymes, the association of enzymes with cofactors and other compounds and the assembly into protein complexes as well as the activation mechanisms of these enzymes will be surveyed. Furthermore, the review discusses particular regulatory incentives originating from the Mg branch to be advantageous for the entire tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway and, hence, for chloroplast development. It also comments on the significant gaps in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the Mg branch of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

– 5-aminolevulinic acid

MTF:

–S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:Mg protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University, Philippstr.13, Building 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany

    Bernhard Grimm

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  1. Bernhard Grimm
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Correspondence to Bernhard Grimm .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rebeiz Foundation for Basic Research, Champaign, USA

    Constantin A. Rebeiz

  2. Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA

    Christoph Benning

  3. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA

    Hans J. Bohnert

  4. Central Florida University, Orlando, USA

    Henry Daniell

  5. Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

    J. Kenneth Hoober

  6. University of Karlsruhe, Germany

    Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler

  7. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA

    Archie R. Portis

  8. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Baishnab C. Tripathy

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Grimm, B. (2010). Chapter 3 Control of the Metabolic Flow in Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis: Regulation of Expression and Activity of Enzymes in the Mg Branch of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis. In: Rebeiz, C.A., et al. The Chloroplast. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8531-3_3

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