Skip to main content

Human Fallibility and Learning from Errors at Work

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Human Fallibility

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of, and integrates findings from, several studies that have been conducted since 2002 at the University of Regensburg (Germany), which focused on human fallibility and learning from errors in work contexts. Together, these studies provide evidence on four key questions about errors at work and the possibility of learning from them. Specifically, the studies investigated (1) the role of errors as starting points for learning, (2) employees’ engagement in learning activities after errors, (3) potential outcomes of learning from errors in terms of refined knowledge, and (4) supportive conditions for learning from errors at work. The chapter summarizes the main findings on these issues and draws conclusions for the enhancement of organizational strategies to foster learning from errors and for future research.

Notes

This chapter is an extended version of the article: Bauer, J., Gartmeier, M., & Harteis, C. (2010). Lernen aus Fehlern im Arbeitskontext: Lernprozesse, Lernergebnisse und förderliche Rahmenbedingungen. Wirtschaftspsychologie, 12, 7–16.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The present studies were part of a series of research projects funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and lead by Prof. Dr. Helmut Heid and Prof. Dr. Hans Gruber (He 1158/4-2; Gr 1384/11-1; Gr 1384/11-2) as well as of the Ph.D. projects of Martin Gartmeier and Johannes Bauer.

References

  • Argyris, C., & Schön, D. (1996). Organizational learning II: Theory, method, and practice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argote, L., & Todocara, G. (2007). Organizational learning. In G. P. Hodgkinson & J. K. Ford (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 22, pp. 193–234). Chichester, UK/New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arndt, M. (1996). Aus Fehlern lernen [Learning from errors]. Pflege, 9, 12–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspden, P., Corrigan, J. M., Wolcott, J., & Erickson, S. M. (2004). Patient safety. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barach, P., & Small, S. D. (2000). Reporting and preventing medical mishaps: Lessons from non-medical near miss reporting systems. British Medical Journal, 320, 759–765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, J. (2004). Fehlerkultur und epistemische Überzeugungen als Einflussfaktoren individuellen Kompetenzerwerbs am Arbeitsplatz. In H. Gruber, C. Harteis, H. Heid, & B. Meier (Eds.), Kapital und Kompetenz [Capital and competence] (pp. 59–75). Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, J. (2008a). Fehler und Lernen aus Fehlern. Die Notwendigkeit deskriptiver und kumulativer empirischer Forschung [Errors and learning from errors. A plea for descriptive and cumulative empirical research]. Erwägen, Wissen, Ethik, 19, 306–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, J. (2008b). Learning from errors at work. Studies on nurses’ engagement in error related learning activities. Doctoral dissertation, University of Regensburg, Regensburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, J., & Gruber, H. (2007). Workplace changes and workplace learning: Advantages of an educational micro perspective. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 26, 675–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, J., Mehl, K., & Wehner, T. (2010). Aus Fehlern lernen [Editorial: Learning from errors]. Wirtschaftspsychologie, 12, 3–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, J., & Mulder, R. H. (2007). Modelling learning from errors in daily work. Learning in Health and Social Care, 6, 121–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, J., & Mulder, R. H. (2008). Conceptualisation of learning through errors at work – A literature review. In S. Billett, C. Harteis, & A. Eteläpelto (Eds.), Emerging perspectives on learning through work (pp. 115–128). Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, J., & Mulder, R. H. (2011). Engagement in learning after errors at work. Enabling conditions and types of engagement. Journal of Education and Work. doi:10.1080/13639080.2011.573776. Advance online publication.

  • Billett, S. (2004). Workplace participatory practices. Conceptualising workplaces as learning environments. Journal of Workplace Learning, 16, 312–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boshuizen, H. P. A., Bromme, R., & Gruber, H. (Eds.). (2004). Professional learning: Gaps and transitions on the way from novice to expert. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, M. D., & Edmondson, A. C. (2001). Confronting failure: Antecedents and consequences of shared beliefs about failure in organisational work groups. Journal of Organisational Behavior, 22, 161–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). Implications of a systems perspective for the study of creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 313–335). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, M., & Jacob, M. (2010). Vom Misserfolg jenseits des Fehlers: Das entdeckende Potential des Triadengesprächs [On failure beyond errors: The potential of discovering new insights within the triad conversation]. Wirtschaftspsychologie, 12, 67–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmondson, A. C. (1996). Learning from mistakes is easier said than done: Group and organisational influences on the detection and correction of human error. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32, 5–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and working behaviour in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edmondson, A. C. (2004). Learning from errors in health care: Frequent opportunities, pervasive barriers. Quality & Safety in Health Care, 13, 3–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eraut, M., Alderton, J., Cole, G., & Senker, P. (1998). Development of knowledge and skills in employment. Sussex: University of Sussex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A., Charness, N., Feltovich, P. J., & Hoffman, R. R. (Eds.). (2006). The Cambridge handbook on expertise and expert performance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A., Whyte, J., & Ward, P. (2007). Expert performance in nursing. Reviewing research on expertise in nursing within the framework of the expert-performance approach. Advances in Nursing Science, 30(1), E58–E71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frese, M., & Zapf, D. (1994). Action as the core of work psychology: A German approach. In H. C. Triandis, M. D. Dunette, & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., pp. 271–340). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartmeier, M., Bauer, J., Gruber, H., & Heid, H. (2008). Negative knowledge: Understanding professional learning and expertise. Vocations and Learning: Studies in Vocational and Professional Education, 1, 87–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartmeier, M., Bauer, J., Gruber, H., & Heid, H. (2010). Workplace errors and negative knowledge in elder care nursing. Human Resource Development International, 13, 5–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartmeier, M., Gruber, H., & Heid, H. (2010). Tracing error-related knowledge in interview data: Negative knowledge in elder care nursing. Educational Gerontology, 36, 733–752.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartmeier, M., Lehtinen, E., Gruber, H., & Heid, H. (2010). Negative expertise: Comparing differently experienced elder care nurses’ negative knowledge. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 26, 273–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glendon, I., Clarke, S. G., & McKenna, E. F. (2006). Human safety and risk management. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Große, C. S., & Renkl, A. (2007). Finding and fixing errors in worked examples: Can this foster learning outcomes? Learning and Instruction, 17, 612–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gruber, H. (2001). Acquisition of expertise. In J. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (pp. 5145–5150). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Harteis, C., Bauer, J., & Gruber, H. (2008). The culture of learning from mistakes: How employees handle mistakes in everyday work. International Journal of Educational Research, 47, 223–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harteis, C., Bauer, J., & Haltia, P. (2007). Learning from errors at the workplace – Insights from two studies in Germany and Finland. In H. Gruber & T. Palonen (Eds.), Learning at the workplace – New developments (pp. 119–138). Turku, Finland: Finnish Educational Research Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harteis, C., Bauer, J., & Heid, H. (2006). Der Umgang mit Fehlern als Merkmal betrieblicher Fehlerkultur und Voraussetzung für Professional Learning [Handling mistakes in daily working life as an attribute of an inner-firm mistake culture and precondition for professional learning]. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Bildungswissenschaften, 28, 111–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heid, H. (1999). Autorität. Über die Verwandlung von Fehlern in Verfehlungen. In W. Althof (Ed.), Fehlerwelten. Vom Fehlermachen und Lernen aus Fehlern [Error worlds: On errors and learning from errors] (pp. 129–136). Leverkusen, Germany: Leske+Budrich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmreich, R. L. (2000). On error management. British Medical Journal, 320, 781–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, E. C. (1951). Mistakes at work. The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 17, 320–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keith, N., & Frese, M. (2005). Self-regulation in error management training: Emotion control and metacognition as mediators of performance effects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 677–691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolodner, J. (1983). Towards an understanding of the role of experience in the evolution from novice to expert. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 19, 497–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leontiev, A. (1978). Activity, consciousness, and personality. Englewood Cliffs, CA: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meurier, C. E., Vincent, C. A., & Parmar, D. G. (1997). Learning from errors in nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26, 111–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minsky, M. (1994). Negative expertise. International Journal of Expert Systems, 7, 13–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oser, F., & Spychiger, M. (2005). Lernen ist schmerzhaft [Learning is painful]. Weinheim, Germany: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parviainen, J., & Eriksson, M. (2006). Negative knowledge, expertise and organizations. International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy, 2, 140–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrow, C. (1984). Normal accidents: Living with high risk technologies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, J. (1987). The definition of human error and a taxonomy for technical system design. In J. Rasmussen, K. Duncan, & J. Leplat (Eds.), New technology and human error (pp. 23–30). Chichester, UK/New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reason, J. T. (1990). Human error. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybowiak, V., Garst, H., Frese, M., & Batinic, B. (1999). Error orientation questionnaire (EOQ): Reliability, validity, and different language equivalence. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 527–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schank, R. C. (1999). Dynamic memory revisited. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seifried, J., & Wuttke, E. (2010). “Professionelle Fehlerkompetenz” – Operationalisierung einer vernachlässigten Kompetenzfacette von (angehenden) Lehrkräften [“Professional error competence” – How to operationalize a neglected competence of (future) teachers]. Wirtschaftspsychologie, 12, 17–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senders, J. W., & Moray, N. P. (1991). Human error. Cause, prediction, and reduction. Hillsdale, NJ: LEA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons, P. R.-J., & Ruijters, M. C. P. (2004). Learning professionals: Towards an integrated model. In H. P. A. Boshuizen, R. Bromme, & H. Gruber (Eds.), Professional learning: Gaps and transitions on the way from novice to expert (pp. 207–229). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sitkin, S. B. (1992). Learning through failure: The strategy of small losses. Research in Organiza­tional Behavior, 14, 231–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjosvold, D., Yu, Z. Y., & Hui, C. (2004). Team learning from mistakes: The contribution of cooperative goals and problem solving. Journal of Management Studies, 41, 1223–1245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, A. L., & Edmondson, A. C. (2003). Why hospitals don’t learn from failures: Organizational and psychological dynamics that inhibit system change. California Management Review, 45, 55–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tynjälä, P. (2008). Perspectives into learning at the workplace. Educational Research Review, 3, 130–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dyck, C., Frese, M., Baer, M., & Sonnentag, S. (2005). Organizational error management culture and its impact on performance: A two-study replication. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1228–1240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wehner, T., & Mehl, K. (2008). Über die Schwierigkeiten, aus Fehlern zu lernen [On difficulties of learning from errors]. Erwägen, Wissen, Ethik, 19, 265–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehner, T., Mehl, K., & Dieckmann, P. (2010). Handlungsfehler und Fehlerprävention. In U. Kleinbeck & K.-H. Schmidt (Eds.), Enzyklopädie der Psychologie: Arbeitspsychologie [Encyclopedia of psychology: Work psychology] (Theme D, Series. 3, Vol. 1, pp. 785–820). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weingart, P. (2008). Fehlerparadoxon. Transdisziplinäre Grundlagen zur Theorie und Produktivität des Fehler [The paradox of errors. A transdisciplinary framework on the productivity of errors]. Erwägen, Wissen, Ethik, 19, 283–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice. Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, B., & Olivera, F. (2006). Error reporting in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 31, 1012–1030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Johannes Bauer Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bauer, J., Gartmeier, M., Harteis, C. (2012). Human Fallibility and Learning from Errors at Work. In: Bauer, J., Harteis, C. (eds) Human Fallibility. Professional and Practice-based Learning, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3941-5_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics