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Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer pp 167–188Cite as

ω-3 PUFAs, Breast and Prostate Cancer: Experimental Studies

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Part of the book series: Diet and Cancer ((DICA,volume 1))

Abstract

Although human epidemiological and clinical studies to date have failed to provide conclusive data on a protective effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on breast and prostate cancer, cell culture and animal studies present a more positive story. Experimental models investigated include various human cancer cell lines, rats with chemically induced tumors, mice with transplantable and human xenograft tumors, and, more recently, transgenic models. They have suggested a number of biological targets for ω-3 PUFAs that impact cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis, i.e., ω-3 PUFAs may have multifactorial properties in preventing and inhibiting cancer. These models have uncovered numerous mechanisms for the anti-cancer activity of ω-3 PUFAs with the most frequently cited being their ability to block the metabolism of ω-6 PUFAs into agents that promote many facets of the malignant behavior of cancer cells.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

α-linolenic acid

AA:

arachidonic acid

COX:

cyclooxygenase

cPLA2 :

cytosolic phospholipase A2

DHA:

docosahexaenoic acid

DMBA:

dimethylbenz(a)anthracene

EPA:

eicosapentaenoic acid

ELOVL:

elongase

HER2:

human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

LA:

linoleic acid

LDL:

low-density lipoproteins

LOX:

lipoxygenase

PSA:

prostate-specific antigen

PTEN:

phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted onchromosome 10

PUFA:

polyunsaturated fatty acid

RBC:

red blood cells

SNIP:

single-nucleotide polymorphism

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, 27157, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Iris J. Edwards

  2. Departments of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 27157, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Isabelle M. Berquin & Yong Q. Chen

  3. Departments of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 27157, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Joseph T. O’Flaherty

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  1. Iris J. Edwards
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  4. Joseph T. O’Flaherty
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Correspondence to Iris J. Edwards .

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  1. Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore - Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, Roma, 00168, Italy

    Gabriella Calviello

  2. Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore - Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, Roma, 00168, Italy

    Simona Serini

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Edwards, I.J., Berquin, I.M., Chen, Y.Q., O’Flaherty, J.T. (2010). ω-3 PUFAs, Breast and Prostate Cancer: Experimental Studies. In: Calviello, G., Serini, S. (eds) Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer. Diet and Cancer, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3579-0_7

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