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Aging of the Immune System Across Different Species

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The Comparative Biology of Aging

Abstract

Aging of the immune system, called immunosenescence, has been linked to reduced ability to resist infection, and increased mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases, which consistently rank in the top five causes of death in the old age, even in industrial societies. This review summarizes our knowledge about the evolution of the innate and adaptive immune systems in light of the longevity of the organism, as well as the current state of our understanding of age-related changes in each of the arms of the immune system in various model organisms. It is clear that adaptive immunity, which we propose evolved as an essential function that provides longevity, eventually erodes in the old age. The jury is still out as to whether innate immunity undergoes a similar decay, whether it stays the same, or whether, perhaps, it is able to compensate for the loss of adaptive immune function.

Supported by USPHS awards AG20719, AG21384 and AG23664 (J.N-Z.) and RR-0163 (ONPRC) from the NIA and NCRR, National Institutes of Health.

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Abbreviations

Ag:

Antigen

ASR:

Antigen Specific Receptors

BCR:

B-cell Receptor

CD:

Cluster of Differentiation

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

DC:

Dendritic Cell

IFNγ:

Interferon γ

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

IL:

Interleukin

LAT:

Linker of Activated T-cells

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

LRR:

Leucine Rich Region

Mf:

Macrophage

MHC:

Main Histocompatibility Antigens

MyD88:

Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88

NF-κB:

Nuclear Factor κB

NHP:

Non-human Primates

NK:

Natural Killer

NLR:

NOD-like Receptor

NOD:

Nuclear Oligomerization Domain

PAM:

Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

PBMC:

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell

PGRP:

Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein

PRR:

Pathogen Recognition Receptors

RAG:

Recombination Activating Gene

RBC:

Red Blood Cell

RLH:

RIG-I like helicase

RM:

Rhesus Macaque

TCE:

T-cell Clonal Expansion, BCE – B-cell Clonal Expansion

TCR:

T-cell receptor

TEMRA:

T-cell Effector Memory Cells expressing CD45RA

TIR:

Toll/IL1 Receptor

TLR:

Toll-like Receptor

TNFα:

Tumor Necrosis Factor α

VLR:

Variable Lymphocyte Receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, P.O. Pox 249221, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA

    Janko Nikolich-Žugich

  2. Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA

    Luka Čičin-Šain

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  1. Janko Nikolich-Žugich
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  2. Luka Čičin-Šain
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Correspondence to Janko Nikolich-Žugich .

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    Norman S. Wolf

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Nikolich-Žugich, J., Čičin-Šain, L. (2010). Aging of the Immune System Across Different Species. In: Wolf, N. (eds) The Comparative Biology of Aging. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3465-6_15

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