Quadrupole Resonance (QR) sensors have the unique capability of detecting explosives with remarkably high detection rates and low number of false alarms. The sensitivity of a QR-based sensor in inductive detection can be assessed in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which determines the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves of the detector and provides a fundamental limitation to the performance of the QR explosive detection system. The main goal of the QR sensor design is, therefore, to maximize the SNR to achieve the highest possible detection performance with the lowest number of nuisances.
This paper describes part of the work performed at Quantum Magnetics Inc. to model the characteristics of the QR signal detection process, which includes the receiver's response, data processing, and signal detection algorithm. These theoretical and numerical models allow us to predict ROC curves for the QR detector and evaluate trade-offs between experimental parameters, sample characteristics, data processing, and hardware features of the detector. Numerical and experimental results are presented to validate our models, and demonstrate their usefulness for QR sensor design and optimisation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abragam, Principles of Nuclear Magnetism, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1961).
T.P. Das and E.L. Hahn, Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy, in Solid State Physics, Supplement 1, Academic Press, New York (1958).
A.N. Garroway, M.L. Buess, J.B. Miller, B.H. Suits, A.D. Hibbs, G.A. Barrall, R. Matthews, and L.J. Burnett, Remote Sensing by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 39, 1108–1118 (2001).
J.B.L. Miller and G.A. Barrall, Explosive Detection with Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance, American Scientist, 93, 50–57 (2005).
R.A. Marino, R.F. Connors, and L. Leonard, Nitrogen-14 QR Study of Energetic Materials, U.S. Army Research Office 15556.4-PH (1982).
H. Suits, A.N. Garroway, and J.B. Miller, Super-Q Detection of Transient Magnetic Resonance Signals. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 132(1), 54–64 (1998).
E.D. Ostroff and J.S. Waugh, Multiple Spin Echoes and Spin Locking in Solids, Physical Review Letters, 16, 1097–1098 (1966).
R.S. Cantor and J.S. Waugh, Pulsed spin locking in pure nuclear quadrupole resonance, Journal of Chemical Physics, 73, 1054–1063 (1980).
R.A. Marino and S.M. Klainer, Multiple Spin Echoes in Pure Quadrupole Resonance, Journal of Chemical Physics, 67, 3388–3389 (1977).
Y.K. Lee, Spin-1 Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Theory with Comparisons to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Concepts in Magnetic Resonance, 14(3), 155–171 (2002).
M.K. Steven, Statistical Signal Processing, Volume II: Detection Theory, Prentice Hall, NJ (1998).
Tuzlukov Vyacheslav, Signal Processing Noise, CRC Press (2002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Robert, H., Bussandri, A., Derby, K. (2009). Modeling of Qr Sensors for Optimized Explosives Detection. In: Fraissard, J., Lapina, O. (eds) Explosives Detection Using Magnetic and Nuclear Resonance Techniques. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3062-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3062-7_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3061-0
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-3062-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)