Abstract
Liquid–solid phase equilibria in asymmetric binary mixtures are not only of general interest to explore phase equilibria in three-phase (gas, liquid, solid) systems but they play a major role in understanding and monitoring the pT-behaviour of petroleum fluids. Such fluids present a vast variety of compositions in terms of their respective constituents from light gases and liquids of various molecular sizes to macromolecular solids. Nowadays, the lack of thermodynamic data on asphaltenic fluids prevents the large scale exploitation of heavy oils in deep deposits. The main concern is the uncontrolled precipitation/flocculation of heavy fractions (asphaltenes, waxes) which causes obstruction and plugging of underground as well as surface installations and pipes. Research in polymer science continues to develop actively while the concepts of thermodynamics and kinetics together with polymer chain structure enhance the domain of polymer development and transformation. In many industrial applications, during extrusion processing or as all purpose materials, polymers are usually submitted to extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. Furthermore, most of the time they are also in contact with gases and fluids, either as on-duty materials (containers, pipes) or as process intermediates (foaming, molding). Since such materials are often used in special environments or under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, their careful characterization must be done not only at the early stage of their development but also all along their life cycle. In addition, their properties as functions of temperature and pressure must be well established for the optimal control of their processability. This also stands for phase transitions; ignorance of a phase diagram, particularly at extreme conditions of pressure, temperature, and of chemical reactivity, is a limiting factor to the development of an industrial process, e.g., sol–gel transitions, polymerization under solvent near supercritical conditions, micro- and nano-foaming processes. Natural and bio-polymers constitute an important class of components largely used in food science. Among the numerous such polymers, starch serves to illustrate the complexity of state equilibria of systems containing other species like fibers, fat, proteins, and extended ranges of water percentages. In food science, industrial processing of such systems, for example during cooking extrusion, requires in depth thermodynamic as well as thermophysical characterization of the systems to process. All above fields to cite a few, in oil industry and in polymer and food applications, necessitate the acquisition of key data.
Keywords
- Glass Transition Temperature
- Thermophysical Property
- Isothermal Compressibility
- High Pressure Cylinder
- Cooking Extrusion
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Randzio SL (1985) Scanning calorimeters controlled by an independent thermodynamic variable: definitions and some metrological problems. Thermochim Acta 89:215–241
Randzio SL, Eatough DJ, Lewis EA, Hansen LD (1988) An automated calorimeter for the measurement of isobaric expansivities and isothermal compressibilities of liquids by scanning pressure from 0.1 to 400 MPa at temperatures between 303 and 503 K. J Chem Thermodyn 20:937–948
Randzio SL (1991) Scanning calorimetry with various inducing variables and multi-output signals. Pure Appl Chem 63:1409–1414
Randzio SL, Grolier J-PE, Quint JR (1994) An isothermal scanning calorimeter controlled by linear pressure variations from 0.1 MPa to 400 MPa. Calibration and comparison with the piezothermal technique. Rev Sci Instrum 65:960–965
Randzio SL, Grolier J-PE, Zaslona J, Quint JR, Procédé et dispositif pour l’étude des transitions physicochimiques et leur application. French Patent 91-09227, Polish Patent P-295285; Randzio SL, Grolier J-PE, Procédé et dispositif pour l’étude de l’effet d’un fluide supercritique sur la transition d’un matériau de l’une à l’autre des deux phases condensées et leur application au cas d’un matériau polymère. French Patent 97-15521. http://www.transitiometry.com
Randzio SL, Stachowiak Ch, Grolier J-PE (2003) Transitiometric determination of the three-phase curve in asymmetric binary systems. J Chem Thermodyn 35:639–648
Dan F, Grolier J-PE (2002) Isothermal fluxmetry and isoperibolic calorimetry in anionic lactames polymerization in organic media. Setaram News 7:13–14
Grolier J-PE, Dan F (2007) Advanced calorimetric techniques in polymer engineering. In: Moritz H-U, Pauer W (eds) Polymer reaction engineering macromolecular symposia 259. Wiley VCH, Weinheim, pp 371–380
Dan F, Grolier J-PE (2004) Spectrocalorimetric screening for complex process optimization. In: Letcher T (ed) Chemical thermodynamics for industry. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp 88–103
Randzio SL (1999) Transitiometric analysis of pressure effects on various phase transitions. J Therm Anal Calorim 57:165–170
Grolier J-PE, Dan F, Boyer SAE, Orlowska M, Randzio SL (2004) The use of scanning transitiometry to investigate thermodynamic properties of polymeric systems over extended T and p ranges. Int J Thermophys 25:297–318
Randzio SL, Flis-Kabulska I, Grolier J-PE (2002) Re-examination of phase transformations in the starch-water systems. Macromolecules 35:8852–8859
Randzio SL, Flis-Kabulska I, Grolier J-PE (2003) Influence of fiber on the phase transformations in the starch-water system. Biomacromolecules 4:937–943
Orlowska M, Randzio SL, Grolier J-PE (2003) Transitiometric in situ measurements of pressure effects on the phase transitions during starch gelatinization. In: Winter R (ed) Advances in high pressure bioscience and biotechnology. Springer, Berlin, pp 393–398
Rodier-Renaud L, Randzio SL, Grolier J-PE, Quint JR, Jarrin J (1996) Isobaric thermal expansivities of polyethylenes with crystallinities over the pressure range from 0.1 MPa to 300 MPa and over the temperature range from 303 K to 393 K. J Polym Sci B Poly Phys 34:1229–1242
Randzio SL, Grolier J-PE (1998) Supercritical transitiometry of polymers. Anal Chem 70:2327
Flöter E, De Loos ThW, de Swan Arons J (1997) High pressure solid-fluid and vapour-liquid equilibria in the system (methane + tetracosane). Fluid Phase Equilib 127:129–146
Stachowiak Ch, Grolier J-PE, Randzio SL (2001) Transitiometric investigation of asphaltenic fluids under in-well temperature and pressure conditions. Energy Fuels 15:1033–1037
Rodier-Renaud L (1994) Doctoral dissertation. Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand
Dan F, Grolier J-PE (2006) High pressure-low temperature calorimetry. I. Application to the phase change of mercury under pressure. Thermochim Acta 446:73–83
O’Reilly JM (1962) The effect of pressure on glass temperature and dielectric relaxation time of polyvinyl acetate. J Polym Sci 57:429–444
Grolier J-PE, Dan F (2004) Calorimetric measurements of thermophysical properties for industry. In: Letcher T (ed) Chemical thermodynamics for industry. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp 144–158
Ribeiro M, Pison L, Grolier J-PE (2001) Modification of polystyrene glass transition by high pressure methane. Polymer 42:1653–1661
Chow TS (1980) Molecular interpretation of the glass transition temperature of polymer-diluent systems. Macromolecules 13:362–364
Boyer SAE, Grolier J-PE (2005) Modification of the glass transitions of polymers by high pressure gas solubility. Pure Appl Chem 77:593–603
Boyer SAE, Grolier J-PE (2005) Simultaneous measurement of the concentration of a supercritical gas absorbed in a polymer and of the concomitant change in volume of the polymer. The coupled VW-pVT technique revisited. Polymer 46:3737–3747
Grolier J-PE, Unpublished results
O’Neill ML, Handa YP (1994) Plasticization of polystyrene by high pressure gases: A calorimetric study. In: Seyler RJ (ed) Assignment of the glass transition. ASTM, Philadelphia, pp 165–173
Chiou JS, Barkow JW, Paul DR (1985) Plasticization of glassy polymers by CO2. J Appl Polym Sci 30:2633–2642
Zhang Z, Handa YP (1998) An in situ study of plasticization of polymers by high pressure gases. J Polym Sci B Pol Phys 36:977–982
Randzio SL, Orlowska M (2005) Simultaneous and in situ analysis of thermal and volumetric properties of starch gelatinization over wide pressure and temperature ranges. Biomacromolecules 6:3045–3050
Ribeiro M, Grolier J-PE (1999) Temperature modulated DSC for the investigation of polymer materials: a brief account of recent studies. J Therm Anal Calorim 57:253–263
Boyer SAE, Klopffer M-H, Martin J, Grolier J-PE, Grolier (2006) Supercritical {gas-polymer} interactions with applications in the petroleum industry. Determination of thermophysical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 103:1706–1722
Boyer SAE, Grolier J-PE, Pison L, Iwamoto C, Yoshida H, Iyoda T (2006) Isotropic transition behavior of an amphiphilic di-block copolymer under pressure using carbon dioxide and mercury as pressure medium. J Therm Anal Calorim 85:699–706
Boyer SAE, Grolier J-PE, Yoshida H, Iyoda T (2007) Effect of interface on thermodynamic behavior of liquid crystalline type amphiphilic di-block copolymers. J Polym Sci B Pol Phys 45:1354–1364
Yamada T, Boyer SAE, Iyoda T, Yoshida H, Grolier J-PE (2007) Effect of CO2 pressure on isotropic transition of amphiphilic side-chain type liquid crystalline di-block copolymers. J Therm Anal Calorim 89:717–721
Dan F, Hamedi MH, Grolier J-PE (2006) New developments and applications in titration calorimetry and reaction calorimetry. J Therm Anal Calorim 85:531–540
Grolier J-PE, Dan F (2006) The use of advanced calorimetric techniques in polymer synthesis and characterization. Thermochim Acta 450:47–55
Randzio SL, Deiters UK (1995) Thermodynamic testing of equations of state of dense simple liquids. Ber Bunsen Phys Chem 99:1179–1186
Deiters UK, Randzio SL (2007) A combined determination of phase diagrams of asymmetric binary mixtures by equations of state and transitiometry. Fluid Phase Equilib 260:87–97
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grolier, JP.E. (2011). Scanning Transitiometry and Its Application in Petroleum Industry and in Polymer and Food Science. In: Šesták, J., Mareš, J., Hubík, P. (eds) Glassy, Amorphous and Nano-Crystalline Materials. Hot Topics in Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2882-2_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2882-2_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-2881-5
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-2882-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)