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Lipids in Photosynthesis pp 407–444Cite as

Biosynthesis and Biotechnology of Seed Lipids Including Sterols, Carotenoids and Tocochromanols

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Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 30))

Summary

This chapter will take a broad look at non-acyl and acyl lipids found in seed. Initially it will focus on certain non-acyl lipids, such as sterols, carotenoids and tocochromanols. It will provide a brief overview of the function of these molecules in plants with a focus on seeds, review information on biosynthetic pathways and attempts at altering quality and quantity of these molecules through metabolic engineering. Our subsequent review of acyl lipid biosynthesis will mainly focus on recent findings related to modification of the pathways providing energy, reductant and carbon for fatty acid biosynthesis that allows for high levels of acyl lipid accumulation during seed filling. This section will have a specific focus on the interaction of primary metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. We will then briefly review fatty acid biosynthesis in seed plastids and cytosolic assembly of seed storage and membrane lipids in seed. Finally developmental regulation of seed storage lipid accumulation and transgenic approaches to increase the total oil content of seeds will be summarized.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ACCase:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

ACP:

Acyl-carrier protein

CRTO:

Algal β carotene ketolase

CRTZ:

Bacterial β carotene hydroxylase

CRTW:

Bacterial β carotene ketolase

BCCP:

Biotin carboxyl carrier protein

CRTISO:

Carotenoid isomerase

CoA:

Coenzyme A

DGAT:

Diacylglycerol:acyl-CoA acyltransferase

DHAP:

Dihydroxyacetone-3-phospate

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FAD:

Fatty acid desaturase

GC/MS:

Gas chromatography/mass-spectroscopy

GGDP:

Geranylgeranyl diphosphate

GAP:

Glyceraldehyde-3phospate

GPAT:

Glycerolphosphate:acyl-CoA acyltransferase

HGGT:

Homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase

HMGR:

Hydroxymethylglutaryl(HMG)-CoA reductase

HPPD:

Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase

IPP:

Isopentenyldiphosphate

KAS:

Ketoacyl synthase

LPAAT:

Lysophosphatidic acid:acyl-CoA acyltransferase

MEP:

Methylerythritolphosphate pathway

OPPP:

Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

Pi:

Phosphate

PEP:

Phosphoenolpyruvate

PGA:

Phosphoglycerate

PDS:

Phytoene desaturase

PPK:

Phytol phosphate kinase

PDH:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

PK:

Pyruvate kinase

QTL:

Quantitative traite locus

RuBP:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

RuBisCo:

Ribulose-1,5bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

SAM:

S-adenosyl methionine

SMT:

Sterol methyltransferase

T-DNA:

Transfer-DNA

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

VLCFA:

Very long chain fatty acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Genetics Research and Development, DuPont Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware, 19880-0353, USA

    Knut Meyer & Anthony J. Kinney

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  1. Knut Meyer
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  2. Anthony J. Kinney
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Correspondence to Anthony J. Kinney .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

    Hajime Wada

  2. National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan

    Norio Murata

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Meyer, K., Kinney, A.J. (2009). Biosynthesis and Biotechnology of Seed Lipids Including Sterols, Carotenoids and Tocochromanols. In: Wada, H., Murata, N. (eds) Lipids in Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 30. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_19

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