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Stem Cells in Marine Organisms pp 309–336Cite as

Effect of Bacterial Infection on Stem Cell Pattern in Porifera

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Abstract

Multicellular organisms derived from one common ancestor, the Urmetazoa. The only living fossils, which can testify about the earliest evolutionary processes in Metazoa on the molecular level are sponges (phylum: Porifera). The present study outlines that stem cells may play essential roles in cellular specialization, embryogenesis and sponge Bauplan formation, using the demosponge Suberites domuncula as a model. Data indicate that the archaeocytes represent, besides the germ/embryonic cells, totipotent stem cells. First marker genes have been identified, which are expressed in totipotent stem cells and in cells from gemmules. Furthermore, genes have been described that are characteristic for the three main cell lineages in sponges; they all originate from archaeocytes and are involved in the differentiation of skeletal cells, epithelial cells and contractile cells. Finally it is shown that after exposure to the endotoxin LPS (lipopolysaccharide) a differential gene expression occurs, leading to an upregulation of the gene encoding perforin and a concomitant down-regulation of noggin, a stem cell marker. In parallel with this process an increased phosphorylation of the mitogen-activating protein kinase p38 occurs. This modification of the p38 kinase has been quantified with a novel ELISA assay. Our data suggest that in response to bacterial infection the number of stem cells in sponges decreases.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (WI 2116/2-2), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (project C1 20 20: cooperation project WTZ BRA – Health of marine ecosystems (03F0451A), and Center of Excellence BIOTECmarin) and the International Human Frontier Science Program (RG-333/ 96-M).

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  1. Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099, Mainz, Germany

    Werner E.G. Müller, Matthias Wiens, Amélie Châtel, Isabel M. Müller & Heinz C. Schröder

  2. Departamento Fisiologia, IB/USP, Sala 300, Rua do Matão Trav. 14, n. 321, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo (SP), Brazil

    Márcio Reis Custódio

  3. Departamento Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 PHLC, sala 205, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Carla Zilberberg

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Correspondence to Werner E.G. Müller .

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  1. Limnological Research, Israel Oceanographic & , Haifa, 31 080, Israel

    Baruch Rinkevich

  2. Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia, CNR Palermo, Via La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy

    Valeria Matranga

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Müller, W.E. et al. (2009). Effect of Bacterial Infection on Stem Cell Pattern in Porifera. In: Rinkevich, B., Matranga, V. (eds) Stem Cells in Marine Organisms. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2767-2_13

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