Samenvatting
Binnen het interdisciplinaire onderzoeksveld van de psycho-neuro-endocriene-immunologie (PNEI) worden het zenuwstelsel, het neuro-endocriene systeem en het immuunsysteem beschouwd als belangrijke adaptieve systemen die nauw met elkaar in verbinding staan, en die voortdurend actief zijn om het organisme in staat te stellen zich zo goed mogelijk aan te passen aan veranderende omstandigheden. Het optimaal functioneren van deze systemen is cruciaal voor overleving en voor de psychische en lichamelijke gezondheid. Door recente kennis van de samenhang en wisselwerking tussen deze adaptieve systemen, gecombineerd met inzicht in de evolutionaire ontwikkeling ervan, is duidelijk geworden hoe chronische stress bij mensen kan leiden tot veranderingen in reactiviteit en sensitiviteit van deze systemen en dat veranderingen in de systemen door genetische of omgevingsfactoren het brein en het stresssysteem zodanig kunnen veranderen dat excessieve of abnormale reacties op stress ontstaan en zo een vicieuze cirkel in gang kan worden gezet. Het geheel van deze veranderingen blijkt uiteindelijk de kwetsbaarheid voor zowel psychische als somatische aandoeningen te vergroten, of al bestaande pathologie verder negatief te beïnvloeden. In dit hoofdstuk wordt een aantal van de belangrijkste bevindingen over de interacties tussen het zenuwstelsel, het neuro-endocriene stelsel en het immuunsysteem beschreven, en hoe deze interacties aanknopingspunten bieden om het ontstaan van met name stressgerelateerde psychopathologie te begrijpen.
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Moss, S.C., Drexhage, H.A., Rutten, S. (2022). Wederkerige interacties tussen chronische stress en het neuro-endocriene en immuunsysteem. In: Eurelings, E., Kooiman, C., Lub, M. (eds) Het lichaam en psychisch functioneren. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2683-9_2
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