Abstract
Cardiopulmonale aspecten spelen een bijzonder grote rol bij de behandeling van ouderen. Aandoeningen van hart, longen en bloedvaten zijn verreweg de belangrijkste oorzaken van de morbiditeit en mortaliteit onder ouderen, en de incidentie ervan stijgt exponentieel met de leeftijd.1 Op de lange duur tast het verouderingsproces de cardiovasculaire en cardiopulmonale systemen van het individu aan, dat wil zeggen: het vermogen om de benodigde zuurstof te verschaffen voor activiteiten die inspannender zijn dan rust.2
Literatuur
National Center for Health Statistics. Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics. Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Hyattsville, Md; US Public Health Service. US Dept of Health and Human Services, publication PHS 88-1120; 37-6(suppl), 1988.
Shepard RJ. Physical Activity and Aging, Tweede druk. Gaithersburg; Md:Aspen; 1987.
Verbrugge L. Recent, present, and future health of American adults. In: Breslow L, Fielding JE, Lave LB, eds: Annual Review of Public Health. Annual Reviews; Palo Alto, Calif; 1989; 10.
Technology and Aging in America. US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-NS-264. Washington DC: US Office of Technological Assessment; 1985.
Palmore EB. Trends in the health of the aged. Gerontologist. 1986; 26:298-302.
Astrand PO. Exercise physiology and its role in disease prevention and in rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987; 68;305.
Rowe JW, Besdine RW. Health and Disease in Old Age. Boston: Little & Brown; 1982.
Crimmins EM, Saito Y, Ingegneri D. Changes in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy in the United States. Pop Dev Rev. Juni 1989; 15(2):235-267.
Bruce RA. Functional aerobic capacity, exercise and aging. In:Adres R, Bierman EL, Hazzard WR, red. Principles of Geriatric Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1985:87-103.
Shepard RJ. The cardiovascular benefits of exercise in the elderly. Top Ger Rehab. 1985; 1(1):1-10.
Cress ME, Schultz E. Aging muscle: functional, morphologic, biochemical, and regenerative capacity. Top Ger Rehab. 1985; 1(1):11-19.
Gerstenblith G, Weisfeldt ML, Lakatta EG. Disorders of the heart. In:Andres R, Bierman EL, Hazzard WR, red. Principles of Geriatric Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1985; 515-526.
Wei JY. Heart disease in the elderly. Cardiovasc Med. 1984; 9:971-998.
Wei JY. Cardiovascular anatomic and physiologic changes with age. Top Ger Rehab. 1986; 2(1):10-16.
Redden WG. Respiratory system and aging. In: Smith EL, Serfass RC, red. Exercise and Aging: The Scientific Basis. Hillside, NJ: Enslow Publishers; 1981; 89-108.
Irwin SC, Zadai CC. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation of the geriatric patient. In: Lewis CB, red. Aging: The Health Care Challenge. Tweede druk. Philadelphia: Davis; 1990; 181-211.
Mann DL, Deneberg BS, Gash AK, et al. Effects of age on ventricular performance during graded supine exercise. Am Heart J. 1986; 111:108-115.
Rodeheffer RJ, Gerstenblith G. Effect of age on cardiovascular function. In: Johnson HA, red. Relations Between Normal Aging and Disease. Aging Series. 1985; 28:85-99.
Gerstenblith G, Lakatta EG, Weisfeldt ML. Age changes in myocardial function and exercise response. Progr Cardiovasc Dis. 1976; 19:1-21.
Port S, Cobb FR, Coleman RE, et al. Cardiac ejection fraction in aging. New Eng J Med. 1980; 303:1133-1137.
Rodeheffer RJ, Gerstenblith G, Becker LC, et al. Exercise cardiac output is maintained with advancing age in healthy human subjects: cardiac dilatation and increased stroke volume compensate for a diminished heart rate. Circulation. 1984; 69:203-213.
Harris R. Clinical Geriatric Cardiology: management of the Elderly Patient. Philadelphia Lippincott; 1986; 29-42.
Weisfeldt ML, Gerstenblith ML, Lakatta EG. Alterations in circulatory function. In:Andres R, Bierman EL, Hazzard WR, red. Principles of Geriatric Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1985; 248-279.
Niinimaa V, Shepard RJ. Training and oxygen conductance in the elderly. J Gerontol. 1978; 33:354-367.
Horvath SM, Borgia JF. Cardiopulmonary gas transport and aging. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984; 129 (suppl):569-571.
Aniansson A, Hedberg M, Henning GB, et al. Muscle morphology, enzymatic activity, and muscle strength in elderly men: a follow-up study. Muscle Nerve. 1986; 9:585-591.
Coggan AR, Spina RJ, King DS, et al. Skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training in 60-69 year old men and women. J Appl Physiol. 1992; 72:1780-1786.
Martin WH III, Kohrt WM, Malley MT, et al. Exercise training enhances leg vasodilatory capacity of 65-year-old men and women. J Appl Physiol. 1990; 69:1804-1809.
Smith EL, Serfass RC, red. Exercise and Aging: The Scientific Basis. Hillside, NJ: Enslow; 1981.
Shimada K, Kitazumi T, Sadakne N, et al. Age-related changes of baroreflex function, plasma, norepinephrine, and blood pressure. Hypertension. 1985; 7:113-118.
Irwin SC. Cardiac rehabilitation for the geriatric patient. Top Ger Rehab. 1986; 2:44-54.
Turner JM, Mead J, Wohl ME. Elasticity of human lungs in relation to age. J Appl Physiol. 1968;25(6):664-683.
Pump KK. Fenestrae in the alveolar membrane of the human lung. Chest. 1974; 65:799-802.
Loke J, Mahler DA, Paul-Man SF, et al. Exercise impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Symposium on exercise: physiology and clinical applications. Clin Chest Med. 1984; 5(1)121-129.
Paffenbarger RS, Wing AL, Hyde RT, Jung DL. Physical activity and incidence of hypertension in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol. 1983; 117:245-256.
Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hsieh CC. Physical activity, all-cause mortality and longevity of college alumni. New Eng J Med. 1986; 314:605-613.
Baker PB, Arn AR, Unverferth DV. Hypertrophic and degenerative changes in human hearts with aging. J Coll Cardiol. 1985; 5:536A.
Krotkiewski M, Lonroth P, Mandroukas K, et al. The effects of physical training on glucose metabolism in obesity and type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1985; 28:881-890.
Sidney KH, Shepard RJ. Frequency and intensity of exercise training for elderly subjects. Med Sci Sports. 1978; 10:125-131.
Verg JE, Seals DR, Hagberg JM, et al. Effects of endurance exercise training on ventilatory function in older individuals. J Appl Physiol. 1985; 58:791-794.
Heath GW, Hagberg JM, Ehsani AA, et al. A physiological comparison of young and older endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol. 1981; 51:634-640.
Allen WK, Seals DR, Hurley BF, et al. Lactate threshold and distance running performance in young and older athletes. J Appl Physiol. 1985; 58:1281-1284.
Seals DR, Hagberg JM, Hurley BF, et al. Effects of endurance training on glucose tolerance and plasma lipid levels in older men and women. JAMA. 1984; 252:645-649.
Thomas SG, Cunningham DA, Rechnitzer PA, et al. Determinants of the training response in elderly men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985; 17:667-672.
Frontera WR, Evans WJ. Exercise performance and endurance training in the elderly. Top Ger Rehab. 1986; 2(1):17-32.
Seals DR, Hagberg JM, Hurley BF, et al. Endurance training in older men and women. I. Cardiovascular responses to exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1984; 57:1024-1029.
Farrar RP, Martin TP, Murray Ardies C. The interaction of aging and endurance exercise upon the mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle. J Gerontol. 1981; 36:642-647.
Beyer RE, Stames JW, Edington DW, et al. Exercise-induced reversal of age-related declines of oxidative reactions, mitochondrial yield and flavins in skeletal muscle of the rat. Mech Ageing Dev. 1983; 24:309-323.
Suominen H, Heikkinen E, Liesen H, et al. Effects of 8 weeks’ endurance training on skeletal muscle metabolism in 56-70-year-old sedentary men. Eur J Applied Physiol. 1977; 37:173-180.
Thiele BL, Strandness DE. Disorders of the vascular system: peripheral vascular disease. In:Andres R, Bierman EL, Hazzard WR, red. Principles in Geriatric Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1985:527-535.
Nagle FJ, Balke B, Naughton JP. Gradual step tests for assessing work capacity. J Appl Physiol. 1965; 20:745-752.
Smith EL, Gilligan C. Physical activity prescription for the elderly. Phys Sports Med. 1983; 11:91-101.
McGavin CR, Cupta SP, McHardy GJR. Twelve-minute walking test for assessing disability in chronic bronchitis. Br Med J. 1976; 1:822-826.
Kline G, Parcari JP, Hintermeister R, et al. Estimated V02 max from a one-mile track walk, gender, age, and body weight. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1987; 19:253-259.
Ellestad NH. Stress Testing: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: Davis; 1979.
Bruce RA. Exercise, functional aerobic capacity, and aging-another viewpoint. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984; 16:8-15.
Jarret RJ. Is there an ideal body weight? Br Med J. 1986; 293:493-495.
Stallones R. Epidemiologic studies of obesity. In: Foster WR, Burton ET, red. Health implications of obesity. Ann Intern Med. 1985; 103 (6, pt 2):1003-1005.
Kannel WB, Gordon T. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Cardiovascular Disease. Section 5. Washington, DC: US Public Health Service. US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication; 1968.
Ashley FW Jr, Kannel WB. Relation of weight change to changes in atherogenic traits: the Framingham study. J Chronic Dis. 1974; 27:103-114.
Havlik RJ, Hubert HB, Fabsitz RR, et al. Weight and hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 1983; 98(2, pt 5):855-859.
Harlan WR, HulI AL, Schmouder RL, et al. High blood pressure in older Americans: the first national health and nutrition examination survey. Hypertension. 1984; 6(1):802-809.
Jannel WB, Gordon T, Castelli WP. Obesity, lipids, and glucose intolerance: the Framingham study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979; 32:1238-1245.
Wilson PWF, Garrison RJ, Abbott RD, et al. Factors associated with lipoprotein cholesterol levels: the Framingham study. Arteriosclerosis. 1983; 3:273-281.
McGandy RB. Nutrition and the aging cardiovascular system. In: Hutchinson ML, Munro HN, red. Nutrition and Aging. Orlando, Fl:Academic Press; 1986.
Wolf RN, Grundy SM. Influence of weight reduction on plasma lipoproteins in obese patients. Arteriosclerosis. 1983; 3:160-169.
Zimmerman J, Kaufman NA, Fainaru M, et al. Effective weight loss in moderate obesity on plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels and on high density lipoprotein composition. Arteriosclerosis. 1984; 4:115-123.
Drizd T, Dannenberg AL, Engel A. Blood pressure levels in persons 18-74 years of age in 1976-80, and trends in blood pressure from 1960 to 1980 in the United States. Vital Health Stat. 1986; 234(11): 1-68.
Dannenberg A, Drizd T, Horan, et al. Cardiovascular disease. Epidemiology Newsletter. 1985; 68 (abstract).
Higgins M, Kannel WB, Garrison R, et al. Hazards of obesity: the Framingham experience. Acta Med Scand. 1987; 723 (suppl):23-26.
Chernoff R. Geriatric Nutrition:The Health Professional’s Handbook. Rockville, Md:Aspen Publishers; 1991.
Kannel WB. Nutrition and the occurrence and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Nutr Rev. 1988; 46:68-78.
Rosenthal MJ, Hartnell JM, Morley JE, et al. UCLA geriatric grand rounds: diabetes in the elderly. J Am Ger Soc. 1987; 35:435-447.
Saltin B, Lindgarde F, Houston M, et al. Physical training and glucose tolerance in middle-aged men with chemical diabetes. Diabetes. 1979; 28 (suppl 1):30-32.
Bogardus C, Ravussin E, Robbins DC, et al. Effects of physical training and diet therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with glucose intolerance and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1984; 33:311-318.
Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, et al. Physical activity and reduced occurrence of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Eng J Med. 1991; 325:147-152.
Karam JH. Therapeutic dilemmas in type II diabetes mellitus: improving and maintaining B-cell and insulin sensitivity. West J Med. 1988; 148:685-690.
Pacini G, Valerio A, Beccaro R, et al. Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell responsivity are not decreased in elderly subjects with normal OGTT. J Am Ger Soc. 1988; 36:317-323.
Johnson T. Age-related differences in isometric and dynamic strength and endurance. Phys Ther.1982; 62:985-989.
Doyle F, Brown J, LaChance C. Relaflon between bone mass and muscle weight. Lancet. 1970; 1:391-393.
Aloia JF, Cohn SH, Babu T, et al. Skeletal mass and body composition in marathon runners. Metabolism. 1978; 27:1793-1796.
Sinaki M, Offord K. Physical activity in postmenopausal women: effect on back muscle strength and bone mineral density of the spine. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 1988; 69:277-280.
Sinaki M, McPhee MC, Hodgson SF. Relation between bone mineral density of spine and strength of back extensors in healthy postmenopausal women. Mayo Clin Proc. 1986; 61:116-122.
Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone mass by mechanical strain magnitude. Calcif Tissue Int. 1985; 37:411-417.
Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone formation by applied dynamic loads. J Bone Joint Surg. 1984; 66:397-402.
Carter DR, Fyrie DP, Whalen RT. Trabecular bone density and loading history: regulation of connective tissue biology by mechanical energy. J Biomech. 1987; 20:785-794.
Talmadge RV, Stinnett SS, Landwehr JT, et al. Age-related loss of bone mineral density in non-athletic and athletic women. Bone Miner. 1986; 1:115-125.
Brewer V, Meyer BM, Keele MS, et al. Role of exercise in prevention of involutional bone loss. Med Sci Sports Exer. 1983; 15:445-449.
Smith EL, Redden W, Smith PE. Physical activity and calcium modalities for bone mineral increase in aged women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1981; 13:60-64.
Jokl E. Abstract: XII International Congress of Gerontology. Hamburg, Duitsland. Juli 12-17, 1981.
cbs doodsoorzakenstatistiek. Vademecum Statistiek.
rivm.Volksgezondheid Toekomstverkenning. Den Haag: Sdu; 1993.
Laukkanen R, Hynninen E. Guide for the UKK Institute 2-km Walking test.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Bohn Stafleu van Loghum,Houten
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lewis, C.B., Bottomley, J.M. (1999). Aspecten van de behandeling van cardiopulmonale aandoeningen. In: Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M., Bernards, A.T.M., Bettman, W. (eds) Geriatrie in de fysiotherapeutische praktijk. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9393-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9393-0_13
Publisher Name: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten
Print ISBN: 978-90-313-2137-7
Online ISBN: 978-90-313-9393-0
eBook Packages: Dutch language eBook collection