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Begeleiding van kinderen en jongeren met autisme pp 272–289Cite as

Autisme en psychofarmaca

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Abstract

De groep van de pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen, ook wel autismespectrumstoornissen genoemd, wordt in de DSM-IV en ICD-10 gekenmerkt door een breed scala aan problemen op de drie domeinen sociale interactie, communicatie en repetitief gedrag. De autismespectrumstoornissen behoren tot de neurodevelopmental disorders met verschillende oorzaken en een zeer gevarieerd klinisch beeld. Bekend is de grote genetische lading (tot 90% bij de bredere definitie), maar ook pre- en perinatale factoren en bijkomende medische ziekten (zoals rubella en tubereuze sclerose) lijken een rol te spelen. Ook is autisme in hoge mate geassocieerd met epilepsie (ongeveer 30%) en een verstandelijke beperking (ongeveer 70%). Dit laatste cijfer moet waarschijnlijk wel naar beneden worden bijgesteld, aangezien de diagnose tegenwoordig veel vaker bij mensen zónder verstandelijke handicap wordt gesteld. In de afgelopen jaren lijkt er sprake van een toename van het aantal mensen met een autismespectrumstoornis (Fombonne, 2003, 2005). Eerdere en betere diagnostiek lijkt hiervoor de belangrijkste verklaring. Hoe dan ook, de hulpverlener wordt steeds frequenter geconfronteerd met deze gevarieerde groep, waarbij het leveren van adequate diagnostiek en behandeling dikwijls maatwerk is. Daarbij krijgt, naast de toepassing van orthopedagogische, gedragstherapeutische en orthodidactische interventies, behandeling met medicatie een steeds belangrijker plaats.

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Authors
  1. Bertine Lahuis
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  2. Cees Ketelaars
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  3. Jan Buitelaar
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  4. Pieter Troost
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Robert Didden

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© 2008 Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Lahuis, B., Ketelaars, C., Buitelaar, J., Troost, P. (2008). Autisme en psychofarmaca. In: Didden, R. (eds) Begeleiding van kinderen en jongeren met autisme. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6421-3_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6421-3_16

  • Publisher Name: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten

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