Skip to main content

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prostate Cancer Detection

  • Chapter
Book cover Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2014–2017

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, but only about 10% of patients die from that cancer. While the incidence rate in the last 30 years has increased fourfold the mortality rate has decreased over the last 20 years [1]. This can be primarily attributed to the early detection of prostate cancer as a result of the common practice of testing the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in peripheral blood. Trendsetting studies indicate that the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach must be fundamentally rethought. Wilt et al. could not show a significant reduction in mortality rate for patients with a localized tumor who underwent a radical prostatectomy compared with patients who were simply monitored [2]. In addition to possible postoperative complications, radical prostatectomy was associated with a significantly higher morbidity rate (incontinence, erectile dysfunction) [2]. As with radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy is also associated with significant side effects, such as loss of potency, in up to 50% of patients [3].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A (2012) Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 62:10–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Wilt TJ, Brawer MK, Jones KM et al (2012) Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 367:203–213.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Zelefsky MJ, Chan H, Hunt M et al (2006) Long-term outcome of high dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 176:1415–1419.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Padhani AR (2011) Integrating multiparametric prostate MRI into clinical practice. Cancer Imaging 11:S27–S37.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Beyersdorff D, Darsow U, Stephan C et al (2003) [MRI of prostate cancer using three different coil systems: image quality, tumor detection, and staging]. Rofo 175:799–805.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Nakashima J, Tanimoto A, Imai Y et al (2004) Endorectal MRI for prediction of tumor site, tumor size, and local extension of prostate cancer. Urology 64:101–105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Beyersdorff D, Taupitz M, Winkelmann B et al (2002) Patients with a history of elevated prostate-specific antigen levels and negative transrectal US-guided quadrant or sextant biopsy results: value of MR imaging. Radiology 224:701–706.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Barrett T, Vargas HA, Akin O et al (2012) Value of the hemorrhage exclusion sign on T1-weighted prostate MR images for the detection of prostate cancer. Radiology 263:751–757.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Rosenkrantz AB, Kopec M, Kong X et al (2010) Prostate cancer vs. post-biopsy hemorrhage: diagnosis with T2-and diffusion-weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 31:1387–1394.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kaji Y, Kurhanewicz J, Hricak H et al (1998) Localizing prostate cancer in the presence of postbiopsy changes on MR images: role of proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology 206:785–790.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Franiel T, Stephan C, Erbersdobler A et al (2011) Areas suspicious for prostate cancer: MR-guided biopsy in patients with at least one transrectal US-guided biopsy with a negative finding-multiparametric MR imaging for detection and biopsy planning. Radiology 259:162–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Turkbey B, Pinto PA, Mani H et al (2010) Prostate cancer: value of multiparametric MR imaging at 3 T for detection-histopathologic correlation. Radiology 255:89–99.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Barentsz JO, Richenberg J, Clements R et al (2012) ESUR prostate MR guidelines 2012. Eur Radiol 22:746–757.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Turkbey B, Aras O, Karabulut N et al (2012) Diffusion-weighted MRI for detecting and monitoring cancer: a review of current applications in body imaging. Diagn Interv Radiol 18: 46–59.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yagci AB, Ozari N, Aybek Z et al (2011) The value of diffusion-weighted MRI for prostate cancer detection and localization. Diagn Interv Radiol 17:130–134.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Haider MA, van der Kwast TH, Tanguay J et al (2007) Combined T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI for localization of prostate cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189:323–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kim CK, Park BK, Lee HM et al (2007) Value of diffusion-weighted imaging for the prediction of prostate cancer location at 3T using a phased-array coil: preliminary results. Invest Radiol 42:842–847.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Oto A, Yang C, Kayhan A et al (2011) Diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of prostate cancer: correlation of quantitative MR parameters with Gleason score and tumor angiogenesis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 197:1382–1390.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Turkbey B, Shah VP, Pang Y et al (2011) Is apparent diffusion coefficient associated with clinical risk scores for prostate cancers that are visible on 3-T MR images? Radiology 258:488–495.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hambrock T, Somford DM, Huisman HJ et al (2011) Relationship between apparent diffusion coefficients at 3.0-T MR imaging and Gleason grade in peripheral zone prostate cancer. Radiology 259:453–461.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Turkbey B, Bernardo M, Merino MJ et al (2012) MRI of localized prostate cancer: coming of age in the PSA era. Diagn Interv Radiol 18:34–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Durmus T, Vollnberg B, Schwenke C et al (2013) Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of the prostate: comparison of Gadobutrol and Gd-DTPA. Rofo 185:862–868.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Franiel T, Hamm B, Hricak H (2011) Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and pharmacokinetic models in prostate cancer. Eur Radiol 21:616–626.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Ocak I, Bernardo M, Metzger G et al (2007) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of prostate cancer at 3 T: a study of pharma-cokinetic parameters. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189:849.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kozlowski P, Chang SD, Jones EC et al (2006) Combined diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for prostate cancer diagnosis-correlation with biopsy and histopathology. J Magn Reson Imaging 24:108–113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Noworolski SM, Vigneron DB, Chen AP et al (2008) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and MR diffusion imaging to distinguish between glandular and stromal prostatic tissues. Magn Reson Imaging 26:1071–1080.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Delongchamps NB, Rouanne M, Flam T et al (2011) Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging for the detection and localization of prostate cancer: combination of T2-weighted, dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging. BJU Int 107:1411–1418.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bloch BN, Furman-Haran E, Helbich TH et al (2007) Prostate cancer: accurate determination of extracapsular extension with high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MR imaging-initial results. Radiology 245:176–185.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Cirillo S, Petracchini M, Scotti L et al (2009) Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 Tesla to assess local recurrence following radical prostatectomy using T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced imaging. Eur Radiol 19:761–769.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Scheenen TW, Futterer J, Weiland E et al (2011) Discriminating cancer from noncancer tissue in the prostate by 3-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging: a prospective multicenter validation study. Invest Radiol 46:25–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Turkbey B, Mani H, Shah V et al (2011) Multiparametric 3T prostate magnetic resonance imaging to detect cancer: histopathological correlation using prostatectomy specimens processed in customized magnetic resonance imaging based molds. J Urol 186:1818–1824.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Coakley FV, Kurhanewicz J, Lu Y et al (2002) Prostate cancer tumor volume: measurement with endorectal MR and MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology 223:91–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Rothke M, Blondin D, Schlemmer HP et al (2013) PI-RADS-Klassifikation: Strukturiertes Befundungsschema fur die MRT der Prostata. Fortschr Röntgenstr 185: 253–261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Portalez D, Mozer P, Cornud F et al (2012) Validation of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology scoring system for prostate cancer diagnosis on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in a cohort of repeat biopsy patients. Eur Urol 62:986–996.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Schimmoller L, Quentin M, Arsov C et al (2013) Inter-reader agreement of the ESUR score for prostate MRI using in-bore MRI-guided biopsies as the reference standard. Eur Radiol 23:3185–3190.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Rosenkrantz AB, Kim S, Lim RP et al (2013) Prostate cancer localization using multiparametric MR Imaging: comparison of prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) and Likert scales. Radiology 269:482–492.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Quentin M, Schimmoller L, Arsov C et al (2013) 3-T in-bore MR-guided prostate biopsy based on a scoring system for target lesions characterization. Acta Radiol 54:1224–1229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. de la Taille A, Antiphon P, Salomon L et al (2003) Prospective evaluation of a 21-sample needle biopsy procedure designed to improve the prostate cancer detection rate. Urology 61:1181–1186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Eskicorapci SY, Baydar DE, Akbal C et al (2004) An extended 10-core transrectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy protocol improves the detection of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 45:444–448.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Wefer AE, Hricak H, Vigneron DB et al (2000) Sextant localization of prostate cancer: comparison of sextant biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with step section histology. J Urol 164:400–404.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Durmus T, Reichelt U, Huppertz A et al (2013) MRI-guided biopsy of the prostate: correlation between the cancer detection rate and the number of previous negative TRUS biopsies. Diagn Interv Radiol 19:411–417.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Bodelle B, Naguib NN, Schulz B et al (2013) 1.5-T magnetic resonance-guided transgluteal biopsies of the prostate in patients with clinically suspected prostate cancer: technique and feasibility. Invest Radiol 48:458–463.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Wolter K, Decker G, Willinek WA (2013) Transperineal MR-guided stereotactic prostate biopsy utilizing a commercially available anorectal biopsy device. Rofo 185:116–120.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Beyersdorff D, Winkel A, Hamm B et al (2005) MR imaging-guided prostate biopsy with a closed MR unit at 1.5 T: initial results. Radiology 234:576–581.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hambrock T, Somford DM, Hoeks C et al (2010) Magnetic resonance imaging guided prostate biopsy in men with repeat negative biopsies and increased prostate specific antigen. J Urol 183:520–527.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Hoeks CM, Schouten MG, Bomers JG et al (2012) Three-Tesla magnetic resonance-guided prostate biopsy in men with increased prostate-specific antigen and repeated, negative, random, systematic, transrectal ultrasound biopsies: detection of clinically significant prostate cancers. Eur Urol 62:902–909.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Roethke M, Anastasiadis AG, Lichy M et al (2012) MRI-guided prostate biopsy detects clinically significant cancer: analysis of a cohort of 100 patients after previous negative TRUS biopsy. World J Urol 30:213–218.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Puech P, Rouviere O, Renard-Penna R et al (2013) Prostate cancer diagnosis: multiparametric MR-targeted biopsy with cognitive and transrectal US-MR fusion guidance versus systematic biopsy-prospective multicenter study. Radiology 268:461–469.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Durmus T, Stephan C, Grigoryev M et al (2013) [Detection of prostate cancer by real-time MR/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy: 3T MRI and state of the art sonography]. Rofo 185:428–433.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Sonn GA, Chang E, Natarajan S et al (2013) Value of targeted prostate biopsy using magnetic resonance-ultrasound fusion in men with prior negative biopsy and elevated prostate-specific antigen. Eur Urol 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.03.025 [Epub ahead to print].

    Google Scholar 

  51. Walton-Diaz A, Hoang AN, Turkbey B et al (2013) Can MR-US fusion biopsy improve cancer detection in enlarged prostates? J Urol 90:2020–2025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Lees K, Durve M, Parker C (2012) Active surveillance in prostate cancer. Current Opinion in Urology 22:210–215.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Wise AM, Stamey TA, McNeal JE et al (2002) Morphologic and clinical significance of multifocal prostate cancers in radical prostatectomy specimens. Urology 60:264–269.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. de la Rosette J, Ahmed H, Barentsz J et al (2010) Focal therapy in prostate cancer-report from a consensus panel. J Endourol 24:775–780.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Bomers JG, Sedelaar JP, Barentsz JO et al (2012) MRI-guided interventions for the treatment of prostate cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 199:714–720.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. van den Bos W, Muller BG, de la Rosette JJ (2013) A randomized controlled trial on focal therapy for localized prostate carcinoma: hemiablation versus complete ablation with irreversible electroporation. J Endourol 27:262–264.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Durmus, T., Baur, A., Hamm, B. (2014). Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prostate Cancer Detection. In: Hodler, J., von Schulthess, G.K., Kubik-Huch, R.A., Zollikofer, C.L. (eds) Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2014–2017. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5659-6_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5659-6_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5658-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5659-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics