Abstract
The differential diagnosis for adnexal masses is wide, encompassing a range of benign, borderline, and malignant entities. The majority of adnexal masses are benign, but identifying malignant lesions is of paramount importance. Risk stratification is based on age, menopausal status, imaging features, and tumor markers. Imaging evaluation should be used in combination with the patient’s age, menopausal status, history, clinical examination, and tumor markers [i.e., cancer antigen 125 (CA 125)] in order to derive an appropriate differential diagnosis. However, diagnosis may ultimately depend on histological confirmation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an adjunct to ultrasound (US) in characterizing adnexal masses, with well-established imaging criteria for malignant ovarian tumors.
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Sala, E., Rockall, A. (2014). Adnexal Diseases. In: Hodler, J., von Schulthess, G.K., Kubik-Huch, R.A., Zollikofer, C.L. (eds) Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2014–2017. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5659-6_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5659-6_21
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