Skip to main content

Whiplash Associated Somatic Tinnitus (WAST)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Whiplash Injuries
  • 1577 Accesses

Abstract

Approximately 10 % of patients who have suffered whiplash injury will develop otological symptoms such as tinnitus, deafness and vertigo [1]. Some of these are purely subjective symptoms. Tinnitus is a common and disturbing symptom; it is the perception of ringing, buzzing, hissing, or other noises in the ears or head in the absence of external sources for these sounds. These perceptions can be transient, intermittent, occasional, or constant. “Chronic” tinnitus is present all or most of the time during a person’s waking hours.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Tranter RM, Graham JR (2009) A review of the otological aspects of whiplash injury. J Forensic Leg Med 16(2):53–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Axelsson A, Ringdahl A (1985) Tinnitus: a study of its prevalence and characteristics. Br J Audiol 23:53–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Pulec JJL, Hodell SF, Antony DF (1978) Tinnitus – diagnosis and treatment. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 87:821–833

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dehmel S, Cui YL, Shore SE (2008) Cross-modal interactions of auditory and somatic inputs in the brainstem and midbrain and their imbalance in tinnitus and deafness. Am J Audiol 17(2):193–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Levine RA, Nam EC, Oron Y, Melcher JR (2007) Evidence for a tinnitus subgroup responsive to somatosensory based treatment modalities. Prog Brain Res 166:195–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zeng C, Yang Z, Shreve L, Bledsoe S, Shore S (2012). Somatosensory projections to cochlear nucleus are upregulated after unilateral deafness. J Neurosci 7;32(45):15791-801

    Google Scholar 

  7. Shulman A (1995) A final common pathway for tinnitus: the medial temporal lobe system. Int Tinnitus J 1:115–126

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Jastreboff PJ, Hazell JWP (1993) A neurophysiological approach to tinnitus clinical implications. Br J Audiol 27(1):7–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Norena AJ (2010) An integrative model of tinnitus based on a central gain controlling neural sensitivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 10:345–353

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kaltenbach JA (2010) Tinnitus: models and mechanisms. Hear Res 10(1):35–38

    Google Scholar 

  11. Feldman H (1971) Homolateral and contralateral masking of tinnitus by noise-bands and by pure tones. Audiology 10(3):138–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Simmons R, Dambra C, Lobarinas E, Stocking C, Salvi R (2008) Head, neck, and eye movements that modulate tinnitus. Semin Hear 29(4):361–370

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Maigne R, Nieves WL (2006) Diagnosis and treatment of pain of vertebral origin, 2nd ed. Pain management. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton FL. ISBN 0-8493-3121_8

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wilson PH, Henry J, Bowen M, Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus reaction questionnaire: psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus. J Speech Hear Res 34:197–201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wilson PH, Henry J (1998) Tinnitus cognitions questionnaire: development and psychometric properties of a measure of dysfunctional cognitions associated with tinnitus. Int Tinnitus J 4(1):23–30

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nodar RH (1996) CAPPE – a strategy for counselling tinnitus patients. Int Tinnitus J 2(2):111–114

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fliege H, Rose M, Arck P, Walter OB, Kocalevent RD, Weber C, Klapp BF (2005) The Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) reconsidered: validation and reference values from different clinical and healthy adult samples. Psychosom Med 67(1):78–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Alpini D, Cesarani A (2006) Tinnitus as an alarm bell: stress reaction tinnitus model. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 68(1):31–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Alpini D, Cesarani A, Hahn A (2007) Tinnitus school: an educational approach to tinnitus management based on a stress-reaction tinnitus model. Int Tinnitus J 13(1):63–68

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Alpini D, Cesarani A, Hahn A (2011) Tinnitus School – An Integrated Management of Somatic Tinnitus, Up to Date on Tinnitus, Prof. Fayez Bahmad (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-655-3, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/27354. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/up-to-date-on-tinnitus/tinnitus-school-an-integrated-management-of-somatic-tinnitus

  21. Malouff JJ, Noble W, Schutte NS, Bhullar N (2010) The effectiveness of bibliotherapy in alleviating tinnitus-related distress. J Psychosom Res 68(2):245–251

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Henry JL, Wilson PH (2001) Tinnitus: a self-management guide for the ringing in your ears. Allyn & Bacon, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  23. Riecke L, Micheyl C, Vanbussel M, Schreiner CS, Mendelsohn D, Formisano E (2011) Recalibration of the auditory continuity illusion: sensory and decisional effects. Hear Res 27:765–771

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zenner HP, Zalaman IM (2004) Cognitive tinnitus sensitization: behavioural and neurophysiological aspects of tinnitus centralization. Acta Otolaryngol 124(4):436–439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Vanneste S, Plazier M, van der Loo E, Van de Heyning P, Congedo M, De Ridder D (2010) The neural correlates of tinnitus-related distress. Neuroimage 52:470–480

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Fischer AA (ed) (1997) Myofascial pain – update in diagnosis and treatment, Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 153–169

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Hahn .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Alpini, D.C., Cesarani, A., Hahn, A. (2014). Whiplash Associated Somatic Tinnitus (WAST). In: Alpini, D., Brugnoni, G., Cesarani, A. (eds) Whiplash Injuries. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5486-8_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5486-8_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5485-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5486-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics