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Bone Cells

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Imaging of Prosthetic Joints

Abstract

The molecular events involved in the differentiation and function of bone cells have not been clarified for a long time because of the lack of suitable in vitro models to investigate bone cell biology. Over the past two decades, several novel approaches have been developed and adopted to investigate the biological bases of the differentiation processes of bone cells: osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. In the present chapter, we would like to update recent progress in the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of bone cells. The differentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal progenitors requires the activity of specific transcription factors such as Runx2 and Osterix, expressions of which are modulated by secreted molecules belonging to the Wnt family of glycoproteins. Differentiated osteoblasts, at the end of the bone formation phase, can become embedded in bone as osteocytes, cells enriched in dendritic processes that express specific markers as E11/gp38, SOST, DMP-1, PHEX, MEPE, and FGF-23. Osteocytes are important modulators of the bone remodeling process, as demonstrated by their ability to influence mineral homeostasis and control matrix mineralization as well as bone resorption through the secretion of the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL. Moreover, osteoclast differentiation from monocyte–macrophage lineage is tightly controlled by the RANK/RANKL/OPG system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy

    Angela Oranger, Graziana Colaianni & Maria Grano

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  1. Angela Oranger
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  2. Graziana Colaianni
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  3. Maria Grano
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Correspondence to Maria Grano .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy

    Carlina V. Albanese

  2. Radiodiagnostica CTO, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy

    Carlo Faletti

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Oranger, A., Colaianni, G., Grano, M. (2014). Bone Cells. In: Albanese, C.V., Faletti, C. (eds) Imaging of Prosthetic Joints. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5483-7_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5483-7_1

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