Abstract
Essentially, the goal of all haemodynamic monitoring and measurement in the critically ill patient is to ensure that adequate organ blood flow and oxygenation are maintained and to enable appropriate treatments to be instituted as necessary to avoid the potential complications of regional hypoxia, including the development of organ dysfunction and multiple organ failure. The monitoring process by itself is of little value, it is the interpretation and application of the data obtained which is crucial and which will be the focus of this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Connors AF, Speroff T, Dawson NV et al (1996) The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. JAMA 276: 889–897
Koobi T, Kaukinen S, TurjanmaaVM (1999) Cardiac output can be reliably measured non-invasively after coronary artery bypass grafting operation. Grit Care Med 27: 2206–2211
Goedje O, Hoeke K, Lichtwarck-Aschoff M et al (1999) Continuous cardiac output by femoral arterial thermodilution calibrated pulse contour analysis: comparison with pulmonary arterial thermodilution. Crit Care Med 27: 2407–2412
Sakka SG, Reinhart K, Wegscheider K, Meier-Hellmann A (2000) Is the placement of a pulmonary artery catheter still justified solely for the measurement of cardiac output? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 14: 119–124
Poelaert JI, Schupfer G, Poortmans G (2000) Transesophageal echocardiography: the relationship between pressure, flow and function. In: Vincent JL (ed) Yearbook of intensive care and emergency medicine. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 680–695
Swan HJC, Ganz W, Forrester J, Marcus H, Diamond G, Chonette D (1970) Catheterization of the heart in man using a flow directed balloon tipped catheter. N Engl J Med 283: 447–451
Connors AF, McCaffree DR, Gray BA (1983) Evaluation of right-heart catheterization in the critically ill patient without acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 308: 263–267
Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB et al (1988) Prospective trial of supranormal values of survivors as therapeutic goals in high-risk surgical patients. Chest 94: 1176–1186
Mimoz O, Rauss A, Rekik N et al (1994) Pulmonary artery catheterization in critically ill patients: a prospective analysis of outcome changes associated with catheter-prompted changes in therapy. Crit Care Med 22: 573–579
Weissman C, Kemper M (1991) The oxygen uptake/oxygen delivery relationship during ICU interventions. Chest 99: 430–435
Norrenberg M, De Backer D, Friedman Get al (1999) Cardiovascular response to passive leg movement in critically ill patients. Clin Intensive Care 10: 1–6
Silance PG, Simon C, Vincent JL (1994) The relation between cardiac index and oxygen extraction in acutely ill patients. Chest 105: 1190–1197
Vincent JL, Roman A, De Backer D, Kahn RJ (1990) Oxygen uptake/supply dependency: effects of short-term dobutamine infusion. Am Rev Respir Dis 142: 2–8
Roumen RM, Redl H, Schlag G et al (1993) Scoring systems and blood lactate concentrations in relation to the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure in severely traumatized patients. J Trauma 35: 349–355
Bakker J, Coffernils M, Leon M, Gris P, Vincent JL (1991) Blood lactate levels are superior to oxygen derived variables in predicting outcome in human septic shock. Chest 99: 956–962
Bakker J, Gris P, Coffernils M et al (1996) Serial blood lactate levels can predict the development of multiple organ failure following septic shock. Am J Surg 171: 221–226
Doglio GR, Pusajo JF, Egurrola MA et al (1991) Gastric mucosal pH as a prognostic index of mortality in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 19: 1037–1040
Friedman G, Berlot G, Kahn RJ, Vincent JL (1995) Combined measurements of blood lactate concentrations and gastric intramucosal pH in patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 23: 1184–1193
Gomersall CD, Joynt GM, Freebairn RC et al (2000) Resuscitation of critically ill patients based on the results of gastric tonometry: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med 28: 607–614
Ellis C (1998) Microcirculatory flows, microcirculatory responsiveness, microcirculatory and regional arteriolar/venular 02 saturations. In: Sibbald WJ, Messmer K, Fink MP (eds) Tissue oxygenation in acute medicine. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 204–225
Van Woerkens EC, Trouwborst A, Van Lanschot JJ (1992) Profound hemodilution: what is the critical level of hemodilution at which oxygen delivery-dependent oxygen consumption starts in an anesthetized human? Anesth Analg 75: 818–821
Weiskopf RB, Viele MK, Feiner J et al (1998) Human cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute, severe isovolemic anemia. JAMA 279: 217–221
Yalavatti GS, De Backer D, Vincent JL (2000) Assessment of cardiac index in anemic patients. Chest 118: 782–787
Hayes MA, Timmins AC, Yau EH et al (1994) Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 330: 1717–1722
Gattinoni L, Brazzi L, Pelosi Pet al (1995) A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 333: 1025–1032
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this paper
Cite this paper
Vincent, JL., Yalavatti, G.S. (2001). How to Interpret Cardiac Output and Haemodynamic Indexes. In: Atlee, J.L., Vincent, JL. (eds) Critical Care Cardiology in the Perioperative Period. Topics in Anaesthesia and Critical Care. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2955-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2955-2_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0133-6
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2955-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive