Abstract
The ability of thyroid and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) cells to trap and to handle iodine forms the basis of radioiodine (131I) diagnostic scanning and treatment of patients affected by primary hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid carcinoma, respectively. Iodine is transported and trapped within the follicular thyroid cells by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). The NIS is a 643- amino-acid protein located in the laterobasal compartment of follicular cells closed to the capillaries. Iodine trapping is achieved by an energy-dependent mechanism that, in physiologic conditions, depends mainly on thyrotropin [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)] [1]. Iodine is then passively transported by the pendrin, a chlorideiodine transport protein, into the colloid across the apical membrane. Then, iodide oxidation into iodine and iodine organification into tyrosyl residues of the thyroglobulin (Tg) occur at the luminal surface of the thyrocyte apical membrane (Fig. 1) [2].
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Giovanella, L. (2012). Radioiodine Therapy: Current Imaging Concepts Introduction. In: Hodler, J., von Schulthess, G.K., Zollikofer, C.L. (eds) Diseases of the Brain, Head & Neck, Spine 2012–2015. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2628-5_31
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2628-5_31
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