Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic Esophageal Cancer

  • Chapter
Treatment of Esophageal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Part of the book series: Updates in Surgery ((UPDATESSURG))

  • 921 Accesses

Abstract

There are few studies of the treatment of relapse in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Moreover, those trials were not randomized and without convincing data. Cumulative overall 1-year and 2-year survival rates after recurrence were around 30% and 12%, respectively, with a median survival of 6 months [1]. For this reason, the goal of the treatment is usually adequate palliation instead of cure, taking into account many factors: patient characteristics (performance status, age, co-morbidity), mode of relapse (local vs. locoregional vs. systemic), site of the primary cancer (non-local recurrences are more frequent in cervical or upper thoracic cancers) [2]; site of relapse (liver recurrence is the worst prognostic site, with a median overall survival < 6 months) [3]; kinetics of relapse (indolent or aggressive, symptomatic or asymptomatic disease); and previous treatments and their toxicities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hsu PK, Wang BY, Huang CS et al (2011) Prognostic factors for post-recurrence survival in esophageal suamous cell carcinoma patients with recurrence after resection. J Gastrointest Surg DOI 10.1007/s11605-011-1458-1

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ishihara R, Yamamoto S, Iishi H et al (2010) Factors predictive of tumor recurrence and survival after initial complete response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to definitive chemoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76:123–129

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Takashima A, Shirao K, Hirashima Y et al (2008) Chemosensitivity of patients with recurrent esophageal cancer receiving perioperative chemotherapy. Dis Esophagus 21:607–611

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Nemoto K, Ariga H, Kakuto Y et al (2001) Radiation therapy for loco-regionally recurrent esophageal cancer after surgery. Radiother Oncol 61:65–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yamashita H, Nakagawa K, Tago M et al (2005) Salvage radiotherapy for postoperative loco-regional recurrence of esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 18:215–220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Maruyama K, Motoyama S, Anbai A et al (2010) Therapeutic strategy for the treatment of postoperative recurrence od esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: clinical efficacy of radiotherapy. Dis Esophagus 13:1442–1450

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cooper JS, Guo MD, Herskovic A et al (1999) Chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced esophageal cancer: long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized trial (RTOG 85-01). JAMA 281:1623–1627

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ishikura S, Nihei H, Ohtsu A et al (2003) Long-term toxicity after definitive chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. J Clin Oncol 2:2697–2702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Tahara M, Othsu A, Hironaka S et al (2005) Clinical impact of criteria for complete response of primary site to treatment of esophageal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 35:316–323

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Meunier B, Raoul J, Le Prise E et al (1998) Salvage esophagectomy after unsuccessful curative chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell cancer of the esophagus. Dig Surg 15:224–226

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Swisher SG, Wynn P, Putnam JB et al (2002) Salvage esophagectomy for recurrent tumours after definitive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 123:175–183

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Tomimaru Y, Yano M, Takachi K et al (2006) Factors affecting the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer undergoing salvage surgery after definitive chemoradiotherapy. J Surg Oncol 93:422–428

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Natsugoe S, Okumura H, Matsumoto M et al (2006) The role of salvage surgery for recurrence of esophageal squamous cell cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 32:544–547

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ariga H, Nemoto K, Miyazaki S et al (2009) Prospective comparison of surgery alone and chemoradiotherapy with selective surgery in respectable squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 75:348–356

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gardner-Thorpe J, Hardwick RH, Dwerryhouse SJ (2007) Salvage oesophagectomy after local failure of definitive chemoradiotherapy. Br J Surg 94:1059–1066

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nishimura M, Daiko H, Yoshida J et al (2007) Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 55:461–464

    Google Scholar 

  17. Daly JM, Karnell LH and Menck HR (1996) National cancer data base report on esophageal carcinoma. Cancer 78:1820–1828

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Parkin D, Pisani P and Ferley J (1999) Global cancer statistics. Cancer J Clin 49:33–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. May 12: 5:CD004063

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ravry M, Moertel CG, Schutt AJ et al (1973) Treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract with bleomycin. Cancer Chemother Rep 57:493–495

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kolari K, Marici Z, Dujmovi I et al (1976) Therapy of advanced esophageal cancer with bleomycin, irradiation and combination of bleomycin with irradiation. Tumori 62:255–262

    Google Scholar 

  22. Engstrom PF, Lavin PT, Klaassen DJ (1983) Phase II evaluation of mitomycin and cisplatin in advanced esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rep 67:713–725

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Ezdinli EZ, Gelber R, Desai DV et al (1980) Chemotherapy of advanced esophageal carcinoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience. Cancer 46:2149–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bezwoda WR, Derman DP, Weaving A et al (1984) Treatment of esophageal cancer with vindesine: an open trial. Cancer Treat Rep 68:783–785

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kelsen DP, Bains M, Cvitkovic E et al (1979) Vindesine in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma: a phase II study. Cancer Treat Rep 63:2019–2021

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ravry MJ, Moore MR, Omura GA et al (1985) Phase II evaluation of cisplatin in squamous carcinoma of the esophagus: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial. Cancer Treat Rep 69:1457–1458

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Panettiere FJ, Leichman LP, Tilchen EJ et al (1984) Chemotherapy for advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus with single-agent cisplatin: final report on a Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer Treat Rep 68:1023–1024

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Conroy T, Etienne PL, Adenis A et al (1996) Phase II trial of vinorelbine in metastatic squamous cell esophageal carcinoma. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Treat Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 14:164–170

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Sternberg C, Kelsen D, Dukeman M et al (1985) Carboplatin: a new platinum analog in the treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer Treat Rep 69:1305–1307

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Queisser W, Preusser P, Mross KB et al (1990) Phase II evaluation of carboplatin in advanced esophageal carcinoma. A trial of the Phase I/II Study Group of the Association for Medical Oncology of the German Cancer Society. Onkologie 13:190–193

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Coonley CJ, Bains M, Heelan R et al (1983) Phase II study of etoposide in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rep 67:397–398

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Muro K, Hamaguchi T, Ohtsu A et al (2004) A phase II study of single-agent docetaxel in patients with metastatic esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol 15:955–959

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kelsen D, Ajani J, Ilson D et al (1994) A phase II trial of paclitaxel (Taxol) in advanced esophageal cancer: preliminary report. Semin Oncol 21:44–48

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Einzig AI, Neuberg D, Remick SC et al (1996) Phase II trial of docetaxel (Taxotere) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract previously untreated with cytotoxic chemotherapy: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) results of protocol E1293.Med Oncol 13:87–93

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Bidoli P, Stani SC, De Candis D et al (2001) Single-agent chemotherapy with vinorelbine for pretreated or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Tumori 87:299–302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Vogl SE, Greenwald E, Kaplan BH (1981) Effective chemotherapy for esophageal cancer with methotrexate, bleomycin, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II. Cancer 48:2555–2558

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gisselbrecht C, Calvo F, Mignot et al (1983) Fluorouracil (F), Adriamycin (A), and cisplatin (P) (FAP): combination chemotherapy of advanced esophageal carcinoma. Cancer 52:974–977

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Dinwoodie WR, Bartolucci AA, Lyman GH et al (1986) Phase II evaluation of cisplatin, bleomycin, and vindesine in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group Trial. Cancer Treat Rep 70:267–270

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. De Besi P, Salvagno L, Endrizzi L et al (1984) Cisplatin, bleomycin and methotrexate in the treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 20:743–747

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Kelsen D, Hilaris B, Coonley C et al (1983) Cisplatin, vindesine, and bleomycin chemotherapy of local-regional and advanced esophageal carcinoma. Am J Med 75:645–652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. De Besi P, Sileni VC, Salvagno L et al (1986) Phase II study of cisplatin, 5-FU, and allopurinol in advanced esophageal cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 70:909–910

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Lovett D, Kelsen D, Eisenberger M et al (1991) A phase II trial of carboplatin and vinblastine in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer 67:354–356

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Iizuka T, Kakegawa T, Ide H et al (1992) Phase II evaluation of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a Japanese Esophageal Oncology Group Trial. Jpn J Clin Oncol 22:172–176

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Advani SH, Saikia TK, Swaroop S et al (1985) Anterior chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. Cancer 56:1502–1506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Stahl M, Wilke H, Meyer HJ et al (1994) 5-Fluorouracil, folinic acid, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the oesophagus. Eur J Cancer 30A:325–328

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kelsen D, Lovett D, Wong J et al (1992) Interferon alfa-2a and fluorouracil in the treatment of patients with advanced esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol 10:269–274

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Wadler S, Fell S, Haynes H et al (1993) Treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus with 5-fluorouracil and recombinant alfa-2a-interferon. Cancer 71:1726–1730

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Braybrooke JP, O’Byrne KJ, Saunders MP et al (1997) A phase II study of mitomycin C and oral etoposide for advanced adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Ann Oncol 8:294–296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kelsen D, Ginsberg R, Bains M et al (1997) A phase II trial of paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with locally advanced metastatic esophageal cancer: a preliminary report. Semin Oncol 24:S19–77–S19–81

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Van der Gaast A, Kok TC, Kerkhofs L et al (1999) Phase I study of a biweekly schedule of a fixed dose of cisplatin with increasing doses of paclitaxel in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 80:1052–1057

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Cho SH, Chung IJ, Song SY et al (2005) Bi-weekly chemotherapy of paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with metastatic or recurrent esophageal cancer. J Korean Med Sci Aug;20(4):618–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Ilson DH, Forastiere A, Arquette M et al (2000) A phase II trial of paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with advanced carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer J 6:316–623

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Webb A, Cunningham D, Scarffe JH et al (1997) Randomized trial comparing epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil versus fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in advanced esophagogastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 15:261–267

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Petrasch S, Welt A, Reinacher A et al (1998) Chemotherapy with cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 78:511–514

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Ilson DH, Ajani J, Bhalla K et al (1998) Phase II trial of paclitaxel, fluorouracil, and cisplatin in patients with advanced carcinoma of the esophagus. J Clin Oncol 16:1826–1834

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Levard H, Pouliquen X, Hay JM et al (1998) 5-Fluorouracil and cisplatin as palliative treatment of advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A multicentre randomised controlled trial. The French Associations for Surgical Research. Eur J Surg 164:849–857

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Philip PA, Zalupski MM, Gadgeel S et al (1997) A phase II study of carboplatin and paclitaxel in the treatment of patients with advanced esophageal and gastric cancer. Semin Oncol 24:S19–86–S19–88

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Sekiguchi H, Akiyama S, Fujiwara M et al (1999) Phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil and lowdose cisplatin in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Surg Today 29:97–101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Ilson DH, Saltz L, Enzinger P et al (1999) Phase II trial of weekly irinotecan plus cisplatin in advanced esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol 17:3270–3275

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Ajani JA, Baker J, Pisters PW et al (2002) CPT-11 plus cisplatin in patients with advanced, untreated gastric or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma: results of a phase II study. Cancer 94:641–646

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Lokich JJ, Sonneborn H, Anderson NR et al (1999) Combined paclitaxel, cisplatin, and etoposide for patients with previously untreated esophageal and gastroesophageal carcinomas. Cancer 85:2347–2351

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Mackay HJ, McInnes A, Paul J et al (2001) A phase II study of epirubicin, cisplatin and raltitrexed combination chemotherapy (ECT) in patients with advanced oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 12:1407–1410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Hayashi K, Ando N, Watanabe H et al (2001) Phase II evaluation of protracted infusion of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a Japan Esophageal Oncology Group (JEOG) Trial (JCOG9407). Jpn J Clin Oncol 31:419–423

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Caroli-Bosc FX, Van Laethem JL, Michel P et al (2001) A weekly 24-h infusion of highdose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)+leucovorin and bi-weekly cisplatin (CDDP) was active and well tolerated in patients with non-colon digestive carcinomas. Eur J Cancer 37:1828–1832

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Goncalves A, Camerlo J, Bun H et al (2001) Phase II study of a combination of cisplatin, all-trans-retinoic acid and interferon-alpha in squamous cell carcinoma: clinical results and pharmacokinetics. Anticancer Res 21:1431–1437

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Polee MB, Kok TC, Siersema PD et al (2001) Phase II study of the combination cisplatin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Anticancer Drugs 12:513–517

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Tebbutt NC, Norman A, Cunningham D et al (2002) A multicentre, randomised phase III trial comparing protracted venous infusion (PVI) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with PVI 5-FU plus mitomycin C in patients with inoperable oesophago-gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 13:1568–1575

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Bazarbashi S, Rahal M, Raja MA et al (2002) A pilot trial of combination cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and interferon-alpha in the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma. Chemotherapy 48:211–216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Conroy T, Etienne PL, Adenis A et al (2002) Vinorelbine and cisplatin in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus: response, toxicity, quality of life and survival.Ann Oncol 13:721–729

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Ross P, Nicolson M, Cunningham D et al (2002) Prospective randomized trial comparing mitomycin, cisplatin, and protracted venous-infusion fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) With epirubicin, cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU in advanced esophagogastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 20:1996–2004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Govindan R, Read W, Faust J et al (2003) Phase II study of docetaxel and irinotecan in metastatic or recurrent esophageal cancer: a preliminary report. Oncology (Williston Park) 17:27–31

    Google Scholar 

  72. Lordick F, von Schilling C, Bernhard H et al (2003) Phase II trial of irinotecan plus docetaxel in cisplatin-pretreated relapsed or refractory oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 18;630–633

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Airoldi M, Cattel L, Marchionatti S et al (2003) Docetaxel and vinorelbine in recurrent head and neck cancer: pharmacokinetic and clinical results. Am J Clin Oncol 26:378–381

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Urba SG, Chansky K, VanVeldhuizen PJ et al (2004) Gemcitabine and cisplatin for patients with metastatic or recurrent esophageal carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Invest New Drugs 22:91–97

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. El-Rayes BF, Shields A, Zalupski M et al (2004) A phase II study of carboplatin and paclitaxelBF, Shields A, Zalupski M et al (2004) A phase II study of carboplatin and paclitaxel in esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol 15:960–965

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Kroep JR, Pinedo HM, Giaccone G et al (2004) Phase II study of cisplatin preceding gemcitabine in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer. Ann Oncol 15:230–235

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Ilson DH (2004) Phase II trial of weekly irinotecan/cisplatin in advanced esophageal cancer. Oncology (Williston Park) 18:22–25

    Google Scholar 

  78. Morgan-Meadows S, Mulkerin D, Berlin JD et al (2005) A phase II trial of gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in advanced esophageal carcinoma. Oncology 69:130–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Lorenzen S, Duyster J, Lersch C et al (2005) Capecitabine plus docetaxel every 3 weeks in first-and second-line metastatic oesophageal cancer: final results of a phase II trial. Br J Cancer 92:2129–2133

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Mauer AM, Kraut EH, Krauss SA et al (2005) Phase II trial of oxaliplatin, leucovorin and fluorouracil in patients with advanced carcinoma of the esophagus. Ann Oncol 16:1320–1325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Meluch AA, Hainsworth JD, Gray JR et al (1999) Preoperative combined modality therapy with paclitaxel, carboplatin, prolonged infusion 5-fluorouracil, and radiation therapy in localised esophageal cancer: preliminary results of a Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Networkphase II trial. Cancer J Sci Am 5:84–91

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Heath EI, Burtness BA, Heitmiller RF et al (2000) Phase II evaluation of preoperative chemoradiation and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. J Clin Oncol 18:868–876

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Mauer AM, Haraf DC, Ferguson MK et al (2000) Docetaxel-based combined modality Therapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 19:954a

    Google Scholar 

  84. Liu An, Huang J, Cai RG et al (2008) Response af advanced esophageal cancer to chemotherapy and prognostic factors: a report of 138 cases. Ai Zheng, 27:400–406

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Grunberger B, Raderer M, Schmidinger M, Hejna M (2007) Palliative chemotherapy for recurrent and metastatic esophageal cancer. Anticancer Res 27:2705–2714

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Takashima A, Shirao K, Hirashima Y et al (2008) Chemosensitivity of patients with recurrent esophageal cancer receiving perioperative chemotherapy. Dis Esophagus 21:607–611

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Hsu PK, Wang BY, Huang CS (2011) Prognostic factors for post-recurrence survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with recurrence after resection. J Gastrointest Surg, DOI 10.1007/s11605-011-1458-1

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oncology Unit, Borgo Trento Hospital, Verona, Italy

    Michele Pavarana

Authors
  1. Michele Pavarana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Teodoro Sava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Surgery Upper G.I. Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Giovanni de Manzoni

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pavarana, M., Sava, T. (2012). Treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic Esophageal Cancer. In: de Manzoni, G. (eds) Treatment of Esophageal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Updates in Surgery. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2330-7_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2330-7_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2329-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2330-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation