Abstract
Because of the requirement for osmotic equilibrium between the cells and the extracellular fluid, any alteration in extracellular osmolality is accompanied by an identical change in intracellular osmolality, with a concomitant change in cellc volume and possibly in cell function [1].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Lang F, Ritter M et al (1993) The biological significance of cell volume. Renal Physiol Biochem 16:48–56
Snyder NA, Feigal DW, Arieff AI (1987) Hypernatremia in elderly patients: a heterogeneous, morbid and iatrogenic entity. Ann Int Med 107:309–314
Kinne RKH, Ruhfus B et al (1995) Renal organic osmolytes: signal transduction pathways and release mechanisms. In: De Santo NG, Capasso G. Acid base and electolyte balance. IISS Ed. Napoli, pp 237–242
Daugirdas JT, Kronfol NO et al (1989) Hyperosmolar coma: cellular dehydration and the serum sodium concentration. Ann Intern Med 110:855–857
Lewis SA, Donaldson P (1990) Ion channels and cell volume regulation: chaos in an organized system. News in Physiological Sciences 5:112–118
Schrier RW (1988) Pathogenesis of sodium and water retention in high output and low output cardiac failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis and pregnancy. N Engl J Med 319:1065–1073
Arieff AI, Guisado R (1976) Effects on the central nervous system of hypernatremic and hyponatremic states. Kidney Int 10:104–111
Lien YHH, Shapiro JI et al (1990) Effects of hypernatremia on organic brain osmoles. J Clin Invest 85:1427–1433
Levine SN, Sanson TH (1989) Treatment of hyperglicaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome. Drugs 38:462–472
Cruz Caudillo JC, Sabatini S (1995) Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome. Nephron 69:201–210
Popli S, Leehey DJ et al (1990) Asymptomatic, non ketotic, severe hyperglycemia with hyponatremia. Arch Intern Med 150:1962–1964
Vin-Christian K, Arieff AI (1993) Diabetes insipidus, massive polyuria and hypernatremia leading to permanent brain damage. Am J Med 94:341–345
Elisaf M et al (1989) Survival after severe iatrogenic hypernatremia. Am J Kidney Disease 14:230–234
Lustman CC, Guerin JJ et al (1991) Hyperosmolar non ketotic syndrome associated with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney failure. Diabetes Care 14:146–147
Cserr HF, De Pasquale et al (1987) Regulation of brain water and electrolytes during acute hyperosmolality in rats. Am J Physiol 253:F522-F526
Wang LM, Tsai ST et al (1994) Rhabdomyolysis in diabetic emergencies. Diabetes Research Clinical Practice 26(3):209–214
Smithline N, Gardner KD (1976) Gaps-anionic and osmolal. JAMA 236:1594–1597
Kruse JA (1992) Methanol poisoning. Intensive Care Med 391–397
Ayus JC, Krothapalli R, Freiberg M (1990) Role of hypercatabolism in mortality associated with chronic hypernatremia in rats. Kidney Int 36:263–266
Haussinger D, Roth E et al (1993) Cellular hydration state: an important determinant of protein catabolism in health and disease. Lancet 341:1330–1333
Garland A, Jordan JE et al (1995) Hypertonicity, but not hypotermia, elicits substance P release from rat C-fiber neurons in primary culture. J Clin Invest 95:66
Richardson DW, Robinson AG (1985) Desmopressin. Ann Intern Med 103:228–233
Chanson P, Jedynak CP et al (1988) Management of early postoperative diabetes insipidus with parenteral desmopressin. Acta Endocrinol 117:513–519
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this paper
Cite this paper
Schiraldi, F., Paladino, F. (1997). Hyperosmolar Syndrome. In: Gullo, A. (eds) Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine — A.P.I.C.E.. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2296-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2296-6_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-75032-1
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2296-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive