Abstract
Dyspnea (breathlessness) is a common symptom of patients with respiratory disease which imposes increasing functional limitation as the disease progresses. In severe cases, dyspnea at rest can be a major disability for which there is often no effective treatment. Dyspnea is the main complaint of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is often the reason for seeking medical care and compensation. There are no precise data on its prevalence, but it has been estimated that in the United Kingdom alone 750.000 patients with chronic bronchitis become dyspneic while walking on level ground [1]. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms contributing to dyspnea are not fully understood and appear to be multifactorial [2, 3].
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© 1998 Springer-Verlag Italia, Milano
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Koulouris, N.G., Milic-Emili, J. (1998). Relationship between Chronic Dyspnea and Expiratory Flow Limitation in Patients with COPD. In: Gullo, A. (eds) Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine - A.P.I.C.E.. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2278-2_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2278-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
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