Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis pp 79–92Cite as

Cerebrospinal fluid and serum soluble adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis

  • Conference paper

  • 81 Accesses

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by a multifocal inflammatory leukocyte infiltration and demyelination. It is widely accepted that an “activation” of CNS microvascular endothelial cells (EC) associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage represents early event in demyelinating lesion development [1, 2]. However, the mechanisms responsible for the migration of lymphocytes through microvascular EC into the CNS have not been clearly identified. This traffic needs peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) activation, recruitment and strong adhesion to vascular ECs. Normally, vascular ECs have low adhesiveness for PBMC, but when stimulated by cytokines, such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma [3–5], released by inflammatory cells, they express surface adhesion proteins.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Shimuzu Y, Newman W, Tanaka Y et al (1992) Lymphocyte interaction with endothelial cells. Immunol Today 13:106–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Grossman RI, Braffman BH, Brorson JR et al (1988) Multiple Sclerosis: serial study of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 169:117–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Pober JS, Gimbrone MA, Lapierre LA et al (1986) Overlapping patterns of activation of human endothelial cells by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and immune interferon. J Immunol 137:1893–1896

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Fabry Z, Waldschmidt MN, Hendrickson D et al (1992) Adhesion molecules on murine brain microvascular endothelial cells: expression and regulation of ICAM-1 and Lgp 55. J Neuroimmunol 36:1–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wong D, Dorovini-Zis K (1992) Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in primary cultures of human brain microvessel endothelial cells by cytokines and lipopolysaccharides. J Neuroimmunol 39:11–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bevilacqua MP (1993) Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule. Annu Rev Immunol 11:767–804

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Springer TA (1994) Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multiple step paradigme. Cell 76:301–314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wilcox CE, Ward AMV, Evans A, Baker D, Rothlein R, Turk JL (1990) Endothelial cell expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the central nervous system of guinea pigs during acute and chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 30:43–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cannella B, Cross AH, Raine CS (1991) Adhesion-related molecules in the central nervous system. Upregulation correlates with inflammatory cell influx during relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Lab Invest 1:23–31

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dopp JM, Breneman SM, Olschowka JA (1994) Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, L-se-lectin, and leukosialin in the mouse central nervous system during the induction and remission stages of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 54:129–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yednock TA, Cannon C, Fritz LC, Sanchez-Madrid F, Steinman L, Karin N (1992) Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against α4βl inte-grin. Nature 356:63–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tanaka M, Stato A, Makino M, Tabira T (1993) Binding of an SJL T cell clone specific for myelin basic protein to SJL brain microvessel endothelial cells is inhibited by anti-VLA-4 or its ligand, anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 antibody. J Neuroimmunol 46:253–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Archelos JJ, Jung S, Maurer M et al (1993) Inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by an antibody to the intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Ann Neurol 34:145–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cannella B, Cross AH, Raine CS (1993) Anti-adhesion molecule therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 46:43–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Washington R, Burton J, Todd III RF, Newman W, Dragovic L, Dore-Duffy P (1994) Expression of immunologically relevant endothelial cell activation antigens on isolated central nervous system microvessels from patients with multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 35:89–97

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Raine CS, Lee SC, Scheinberg LC, Duijvestijn AM, Cross AH (1990) Adhesion molecule on endothelial cells in the central nervous system: an emerging area in immunology of multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 57:173–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Pigott R, Dillon LP, Hemingway IH, Gearing AJH (1992) Soluble forms of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are present in the supernatants of cytokine activated cultured endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 187/2:584–589

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cannella B, Cross AH, Raine CS (1990) Upregulation and coexpression of adhesion molecules correlate with relapsing autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system. J Exp Med 172:162–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sobel RA, Mitchell ME, Fondren G (1990) Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in cellular immune reactions in the human central nervous system. Am J Pathol 136 (6): 1309–1316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rothlein R, Mainolfi EA, Czajkowski M, Marlin DS (1991) A form of circulating ICAM-1 in human serum. J Immunol 147 (II):3788–3793

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hartung HP, Michels M, Reiners K, Seeldrayers P, Archelos JJ, Toyka KV (1993) Soluble ICAM-1 serum levels in multiple sclerosis and viral encephalitis. Neurology 43:2331–2335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tsukada N, Miyagi K, Matsuda M, Yanagisawa N (1993) Increased levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in multiple sclerosis and human T-lymphotropic virus 1-associated myelopathy. Ann Neurol 33:646–649

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sharief MK, Noori MA, Ciardi M, Cirelli A, Thompson EJ (1993) Increased levels of circulating ICAM-1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis. Correlations with TNF-alpha and blood-brain barrier damage. J Neuroimmunol 43:15–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Tsukada N, Matsuda M, Miyagi K, Yanagisawa N (1993) Increased levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 43:2679–2682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jander S, Heidenreich F, Stoll G (1993) Serum and CSF levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in inflammatory neurologic diseases. Neurology 43:1809–1813

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Rieckmann P, Martin S, Weichselbraun I et al (1994) Serial analysis of circulating adhesion molecules and TNF receptor in serum from patients with multiple sclerosis: cICAM-1 is an indicator for relapse. Neurology 44:2367–2372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dore-Duffy P, Newman W, Balbanov R et al (1995) Circulating, soluble adhesion proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis: correlation with clinical activity. Ann Neurol 37:55–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Trojano M, Avolio C, Simone IL et al. Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of clinically active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: correlation with Gd-DTPA Magnetic Resonance Imaging-enhancement and CSF findings. Neurology (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Reiber H, Felgenhauer K (1987) Protein transfer at the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier and the quantitation of the humoral immune response within the central nervous system. Clin Chim Acta 163:319–328

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Link H, Tibbling G (1977) Principles of albumin in IgG analysis in neurological disorders. III. Evaluation of IgG synthesis within the central nervous system in Multiple Sclerosis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 37:397–401

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Vollmer T, Dalton J, Klotz K, Eddstein J (1992) Astrocyte-lymphocyte binding: the role of immune cytokines and ICAM-1. Neurology 42 (Suppl. 3): 158–159

    Google Scholar 

  32. Bevilacqua MP, Nelson RM (1993b) Selectins. J Clin Invest 91:379–387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hartung PH, Reiners K, Archelos JJ et al (1995) Circulating adhesion molecules and Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor in multiple sclerosis: correlation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Ann Neurol 38:186–193

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tsukada N, Miyagi K, Matsuda M, Yanagisawa N (1995) Soluble E-selectin in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy. Neurology 45:1914–1918

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Springer TA (1990) Adhesion receptors of the immune system. Nature 346:425–433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Oppenheimer-Marks N, Davis LS, Tompkins Bogue D et al (1991) Differential utilization of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 during the adhesion and transendothelial migration of human T lymphocytes. J Immunol 147:2913–2921

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Matsuda M, Tsukada N, Miyagi K, Yanagisawa N (1995) Increased levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the cerebrospinal fluid and sera of patients with multiple sclerosis and human T lymphotropic virus type-1-associated myelopathy. J Neuroimmunol 59:35–40

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gearing AJH, Hemingway I, Pigott R, Hughes J, Rees AJ, Cashman SJ (1992) Soluble forms of vascular adhesion molecule, E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1: pathological significance. Ann NY Acad Sci 667:324–331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Rieckmann P, Michel U, Albrecht M, Bruck W, Wockel L, Felgenhauer K (1995) Soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) block lymphocyte attachment to cerebral endothalial cells. J Neuroimmunol 60:9–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Van Seventer GA, Shimizu Y, Horgan KJ, Shaw S (1990) The LFA-1 ligand ICAM-1 provides an important costimulatory signal for T cell receptor-mediated activation of resting T cells. J Immunol 144:4579–4586

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical Neurology, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy

    M. Trojano, C. Avolio, I. L. Simone, M. Ruggieri & P. Livrea

Authors
  1. M. Trojano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. Avolio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. I. L. Simone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Ruggieri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. P. Livrea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Italia, Milano

About this paper

Cite this paper

Trojano, M., Avolio, C., Simone, I.L., Ruggieri, M., Livrea, P. (1996). Cerebrospinal fluid and serum soluble adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis. In: Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2205-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2205-8_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2207-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2205-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation