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Myelination of the Central Nervous System

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From Basic Immunology to Immune-Mediated Demyelination

Part of the book series: Topics in Neuroscience ((TOPNEURO))

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) results from a combination of genetically determined susceptibility, environmental factors, viral or bacterial agents, soluble cytokines released during the inflammatory and autoimmune responses, and probably other, as yet undetermined etiologic agents. The disease can cause variable degrees of tissue destruction in the central nervous system (CNS), ranging from marginal demyelination to complete oligodendrocyte loss, severe glial scarring [1], and axonal transection. In some instances oligodendrocytes are morphologically preserved in demyelination plaques and remain capable of differentiating and remyelinating, as shown in humans and various model systems [1, 3]. In other cases, however, oligodendrocytes vanish and progenitors have to migrate into the plaque and proliferate. Adult oligodendrocyte progenitors are different from their post-natal counterparts, but seem to retain the ability to migrate and proliferate under the influence of specific growth factors [4]. However, the proliferating pool is limited, as is its ability to migrate [5, 6].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy

    G. G. Consalez & C. Alli

  2. INSERM 134, Cellular, Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Hôpital de la Salpetrière, Paris, France

    V. Avellana-Adalid & A. Baron Van Evercooren

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  1. G. G. Consalez
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  2. V. Avellana-Adalid
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  3. C. Alli
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  4. A. Baron Van Evercooren
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Gianvito Martino

  2. Roche Milano Ricerche, Milan, Italy

    Luciano Adorini

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Consalez, G.G., Avellana-Adalid, V., Alli, C., Van Evercooren, A.B. (1999). Myelination of the Central Nervous System. In: Martino, G., Adorini, L. (eds) From Basic Immunology to Immune-Mediated Demyelination. Topics in Neuroscience. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2143-3_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2143-3_11

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