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Hydrocephalus and Aqueductal Stenosis

  • Chapter
Pediatric Hydrocephalus

Abstract

The cerebral aqueduct was described by Vesalius in 1542 as a short tube “so that the animal spirit may flow continuously into the dorsal marrow” [32]. Actually, the aqueduct of Sylvius connects the third and fourth ventricle: it is a narrow, irregular channel, situated in the dorsal midbrain, with posterior commissure and lamina tecti behind, oculomotor and trochlear nerves nuclei, and medial longitudinal fasciculus and red nuclei in front. It forms a gentle concave curve to the base of the skull and is surrounded by the periaqueductal gray matter. In fixed brain specimens two areas of relative constriction have been found: one is at the level of the superior colliculus, the other at the level of the intercollicular sulcus; in cross section the lumen is highly changeable, probably owing to the influence of different nuclear masses or fiber tracts surrounding it at different levels. The lumen is usually triangular with the apex directed ventrally at the two constrictions and ovoid in the central dilated area, which has been referred to as the ampulla of the aqueduct or the ventricle of the midbrain [8].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Giuseppe Cinalli

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy

    Pietro Spennato

  3. Department of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Emilio Cianciulli

  4. Department of Biomorphological and Functional Sciences, Section of Pathology, Federico II, University of Naples, Italy

    Maria d’Armiento

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  1. Giuseppe Cinalli
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Giuseppe Cinalli MD

  2. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France

    Christian Sainte-Rose MD

  3. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia

    Wirginia June Maixner MD

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Cinalli, G., Spennato, P., Cianciulli, E., d’Armiento, M. (2005). Hydrocephalus and Aqueductal Stenosis. In: Cinalli, G., Sainte-Rose, C., Maixner, W.J. (eds) Pediatric Hydrocephalus. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2121-1_19

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