Riassunto
I tumori delle vie aerodigestive superiori (lingua, cavo orale, faringe e laringe) rappresentano in Italia circa il 4,1% dei tumori maligni che insorgono nella popolazione maschile e l’1,3% di quelli che insorgono nella popolazione femminile [1]. Le loro cause sono in gran parte note, tanto che si può stimare che oltre 1’80% di questi tumori potrebbero essere prevenuti riducendo l’esposizione a fattori eziologici la cui eliminazione è possibile. Fin dagli anni sessanta del secolo scorso è conosciuto il ruolo eziologico del tabacco nei tumori del cavo orale [2, 3]. Nei due decenni successivi fu stabilita l’interazione moltiplicativa di tabacco e alcol nei tumori dell’esofago [4] e della laringe [5], poi il ruolo dell’esposizione a polveri di legno [6] e di cuoio [7] nei tumori dei seni paranasali, nonché di altri fattori professionali, quali la formaldeide per le cavità nasali, gli idrocarburi aromatici policiclici, i solventi organici e l’amianto per laringe e ipofaringe (http://monographs.iarc.fr) [8], il virus di Epstein Barr e l’esposizione alimentare a nitrosamine che si formano nei cibi fermentati per i tumori del rinofaringe [9, 10] e più recentemente, nei primi anni duemila, i virus cancerogeni del papilloma umano (HPV) per i tumori dell’orofaringe [11].
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Berrino, F. (2011). Epidemiologia. In: Tumori della testa e del collo. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1806-8_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1806-8_3
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