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Impact of Nutritional Route on Infections: Parenteral Versus Enteral

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Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

The significance of nutrition in the hospital setting cannot be overstated, especially in the intensive care unit. Malnutrition is a marker of poor outcomes. Nutritional assessment of the critically ill patient is crucial, as nutritional status deterioration is a key factor in surgical and critical care patient outcomes. Nutrition is a cornerstone for improved outcomes. Among critically ill patients, malnutrition has been associated with increased infectious morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. Critical illness is typically associated with a catabolic stress state in which patients commonly demonstrate a systemic inflammatory response. Nutritional modulation of the stress response to critical illness includes early nutrition using the enteral route, which is seen as a proactive therapeutic strategy that may reduce disease severity, diminish complications, decrease length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), and favorably impact patient outcome. Evidence-based recommendations on critical care nutrition in clinical practice guidelines enteral in preference to parenteral nutrition, time to start enteral nutrition, enteral formulas enriched with fish oils, glutamine supplementation, glycemic control, arginine-enriched enteral formulas, motility agents, timing of supplemental parenteral nutrition, delivery of hypocaloric parenteral nutrition, and following a feeding protocol.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, University Hospital Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95100, Catania, Italy

    A. Gullo, C. M. Celestre & A. Paratore

Authors
  1. A. Gullo
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  2. C. M. Celestre
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  3. A. Paratore
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to A. Gullo , C. M. Celestre or A. Paratore .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Institute of Aging and Chronic Diseases, University Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, United Kingdom

    Hendrick K.F. van Saene

  2. , Dept. Emergency, Hospital Gorizia, Via Vittorio Veneto 171, Gorizia, 34170, Italy

    Luciano Silvestri

  3. , Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo km 12.5, Getafe, 28045, Spain

    Miguel A. de la Cal

  4. Policlinico di Catania, UCO di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania, 95100, Italy

    Antonino Gullo

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Gullo, A., Celestre, C.M., Paratore, A. (2011). Impact of Nutritional Route on Infections: Parenteral Versus Enteral. In: van Saene, H., Silvestri, L., de la Cal, M., Gullo, A. (eds) Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1601-9_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1601-9_25

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1600-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1601-9

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