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Comportamenti suicidari eautolesivi nel disturbo di personalità borderline. Un modello di auto-regolazione

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Disturbo di personalitá borderline

Riassunto

L’autolesionismo volontariamente inflitto nei pazienti con disturbo di personalità borderline (DPB) può essere inquietante, spaventoso e provocare vergogna nei pazienti stessi, nelle loro famiglie e nei clinici che li hanno in cura. Questo comportamento è particolarmente confusivo a causa della sua natura apparentemente paradossale. Da una parte, causa enorme sofferenza fisica ed emotiva, dall’ a1tra viene progettato e vissuto come un sollievo daIIa sofferenza. Molti individui che mettono in atto l’autolesionismo lo deserivono come un dolore fisico sostitutivo, più facilmente tollerabile ed evidentemente visibile, rispelto alia sofferenza emotiva, vissuta invece come intollerabile e, per lo più, invisibile agli occhi degli altri. Inoltre, gli individui provano confusione sulla realtà della loro sofferenza emotiva. Il danno fisico fomisce una prova conereta della sofferenza emotiva. I pazienti spesso riportano che “solo qualcuno che sia profondamente turbato si infliggerebbe questo tipo di autolesionismo.” Il dolore fisico fomisce anche una giustificazione, dopo che si è verificato il fatto, per lo state emotivo negativo. Un altro aspetto di questo apparente paradosso è che, nonostante il comportamento causi danno fisico alle persone, funziona anche come soluzionedi compromesso che permette loro di continuare a vivere. I pazienti pensano: “mi faccio dei tagli o prendo questa dose relativamente eccessiva di sostanze così non dovrò uccidermi”. Quindi, nonostante i clinici possano rispondere all’autolesionismo con un ricovero ospedaliero, potrebbe non essere necessario e persino controproducente se tale comportamento ha solo dato alla persona il “permesso” di continuare a vivere.

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Stanley, B., Brodsky, B.S. (2010). Comportamenti suicidari eautolesivi nel disturbo di personalità borderline. Un modello di auto-regolazione. In: Clerici, M. (eds) Disturbo di personalitá borderline. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1514-2_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1514-2_3

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