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Ventilazione artificiale meccanica invasiva

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Riassunto

La ventilazione artificiale meccanica costituisce il trattamento di prima scelta in presenza sia di gravi patologie a carico dell’apparato respiratorio, sia in patologie extrapolmonari, che determinano la compromissione della respirazione autonoma e quindi una condizione di elevata instabilità clinica che, se non corretta tempestivamente, comporterebbe la morte del soggetto. Qualunque sia l’eziopatogenesi della compromissione della funzione respiratoria autonoma, la condizione che si determina è sempre costituita dall’incapacità/impossibilità per il paziente di svolgere/mantenere un lavoro respiratorio adeguato al fabbisogno di ossigeno metabolico, per cui si rende necessario un supporto esterno invasivo alla funzione respiratoria. Tale supporto è costituito dalla Ventilazione Meccanica Artificiale (VAM) che, mediante apposite apparecchiature (ventilatori), vicaria la respirazione autonoma in soggetti in cui essa risulta alterata, compromessa o artificialmente inibita. Le indicazioni generali della ventilazione artificiale invasiva sono determinate dallo squilibrio tra lavoro respiratorio autonomo, efficacia dello scambio di gas a livello della membrana alveolo-capillare, del trasporto e dello scambio di ossigeno a livello tessutale, nonché della rimozione dell’anidride carbonica (Tabella 9.1) [1].

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Rapisarda, G. (2010). Ventilazione artificiale meccanica invasiva. In: Pintaudi, S., Rizzato, L. (eds) Il neuroleso grave. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1460-2_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1460-2_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1459-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1460-2

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