Riassunto
La richiesta di organi da trapiantare supera l’offerta e un numero, ancora troppo alto, di pazienti non riceverà il trapianto nei tempi auspicabili o non lo riceverà mai perché morirà in lista di attesa; questo nonostante sia aumentato il pool di organi disponibili per la revisione di alcuni criteri un tempo limitanti, come l’età, o per l’utilizzo di organi prima ritenuti non idonei. Organi trapiantabili, tuttavia, possono andare perduti per difetto nell’individuazione del potenziale donatore, per l’opposizione dei familiari al prelievo o per la non idoneità legata all’inappropriato mantenimento del donatore: si stima che il 24% degli organi siano compromessi durante il mantenimento. Con la diagnosi di morte, infatti, dovrebbe essere attuata una serie di interventi, volti a garantire e/o ripristinare la funzione degli organi nella prospettiva del trapianto, che termineranno con il clampaggio della cava inferiore e la perfusione fredda in corso di prelievo. La perfusione e l’ossigenazione degli organi da prelevare divengono quindi il fine ultimo e il trattamento aggressivo, con l’uso di protocolli standardizzati, ha ridotto la perdita di organi ottimizzandone la funzione e migliorando la qualità di vita del ricevente.
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Fabbri, P.G., Corrado, A., Vaglica, R. (2010). Mantenimento del potenziale donatore di organi. In: Pintaudi, S., Rizzato, L. (eds) Il neuroleso grave. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1460-2_26
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