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Classificazione ed epidemiologia

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Nel corso degli anni sono stati adottati diversi sistemi classificativi delle cefalee. Tra quelli che in passato hanno avuto larga diffusione dovrebbe essere ricordata la classificazione della Ad Hoc Committee on Classification of Headache del 1962 [1] in cui l’emicrania comune e l’emicrania classica sono inserite, assieme ad altre forme, in un unico gruppo denominato “cefalea vascolare di tipo emicranico”. Uno dei maggiori difetti di questa classificazione è rappresentato dalla suddivisione dei diversi gruppi di cefalea in base ad ipotetici meccanismi patogenetici che ha portato a definizioni, quali cefalea vascolare e cefalea da contrazione muscolare, sicuramente discutibili alla luce delle acquisizioni successive. Inoltre la definizione di ciascuna entità comprende termini che richiedono un’interpretazione soggettiva “gli attacchi di emicrania sono comunemente unilaterali all’esordio, sono abitualmente associati ad anoressia e, talvolta, a nausea e vomito…” per cui le diagnosi formulate da diversi medici non sono confrontabili. Per questi motivi la International Headache Society (IHS) ha, molto opportunamente, stilato un nuovo sistema classificativo, “La classificazione delle cefalee, nevralgie craniche ed algie facciali” [2], e nel 2004 è stata pubblicata, sempre ad opera della IHS, la seconda edizione della International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) [3].

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Manzoni, G.C., Torelli, P. (2008). Classificazione ed epidemiologia. In: Le cefalee: manuale teorico-pratico. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0754-3_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0754-3_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0753-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0754-3

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