Diagnostic Imaging of Incisional Hernia

Abstract

Incisional hernia is a post-operative complication characterised by escape of the abdominal viscera from their anatomic site through a hole developed during the cicatricial consolidation of a laparotomy. This particular pathogenic mechanism differs from other types of abdominal-wall hernias, i.e. those involving orifices or anatomic canals. In order to strengthen the abdominal wall after laparotomy, its three layers (peritoneum, muscular fascia and skin) are sutured separately. However, the muscular fascia may be rebuilt by an inadequate surgical technique or may be involved in an infection that develops post-operatively. In both cases, the consequence is weakening of the muscular structure or, even, failure of the sutures at several sites. Consequently, the support provided by the rebuit abdominal wall gives way and one or more, initially small holes develop.