Estratto
La fotochemioterapia o terapia fotodinamica (PDT, photodynamic therapy) è un metodo fisicochimico per il trattamento locale delle neoplasie. La metodica si basa sull’impiego di sostanze fotosensibili quali l’ematoporfirina (HP) o suoi derivati che, somministrate per via sistemica, vengono selettivamente accumulate e trattenute più a lungo di quanto non accada nei tessuti sani dai tessuti in rapida crescita, quindi anche ed in particolare dai tessuti neoplastici [1, 2]. Dopo somministrazione per via endovenosa tali sostanze diffondono in tutto l’organismo ma, mentre sono rapidamente eliminate dai tessuti sani e normali, rimangono più a lungo localizzate in quelli neoplastici dove, a distanza di 48–72 ore, mantengono una concentrazione maggiore di 5–6 volte rispetto ai tessuti sani circostanti. Questa proprietà rende gli emoderivati utili markers delle lesioni neoplastiche a consente di impiegare la citotossicità legata alla attivazione attraverso la luce di questi composti a fini terapeutici. Se la lesione neoplastica contenente HP viene opportunamente illuminata con luce di lunghezza d’onda di 630 nm l’attivazione della HP determina la necrosi del tessuto che la contiene (Fig. 1). L’attivazione della HP da parte dell’energia luminosa determina una serie di eventi estremamente rapidi attraverso una reazione fotochimica con produzione di ossigeno “singoletto” responsabile di numerosi danni cellulari ed in grado di causare la necrosi del tessuto.
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Patelli, M., Trisolini, R., Paioli, D. (2007). Terapia fotodinamica. In: Pneumologia interventistica. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0556-3_39
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0556-3_39
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