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Malattie dell’apparato respiratorio pp 283–305Cite as

La tosse

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La tosse costituisce un meccanismo di difesa per espellere dalle vie aeree secrezioni in eccesso e materiale estraneo, tuttavia quando assume carattere continuo e violento, la tosse diviene un sintomo estremamente fastidioso in grado di compromettere seriamente la vita di relazione. Numerose sono le patologie, di varia gravità, che possono presentare tosse come sintomo principale o secondario. Indipendentemente dalla causa che la determina, la tosse è un riflesso “obbligatoriamente” vagale. Pertanto la tosse è tipicamente evocata dalla stimolazione di recettori situati a livello della laringe e dell’albero tracheo-bronchiale. Poiché, tuttavia, le terminazioni sensoriali del vago possono innervare anche distretti extra-respiratori, non è raro osservare la presenza di tosse anche in corso di patologie non respiratorie. È interessante notare come numerose evidenze sperimentali indichino che la stimolazione dei recettori vagali situati a livello del polmone profondo non provochi tosse bensÌ altre risposte riflesse di tipo cardio-respiratorio. I recettori implicati nella genesi della tosse sono polimodali, in quanto possono essere attivati da stimoli di natura diversa: irritanti meccanici e chimici, mediatori dell’infiammazione, materiale endoluminale, ed eventi meccanici che comportano ampie modificazioni del volume polmonare e/o variazioni conformazionali della parete bronchiale.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UOC Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Policlinico S. Orsola, Bologna

    A. Zanasi (Dirigente medico), A. Giannuzzi & F. Tursi

  2. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze

    G. Fontana (Professore Associato di Malattie dell’Apparato Respiratorio)

Authors
  1. A. Zanasi
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  2. A. Giannuzzi
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  3. F. Tursi
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  4. G. Fontana
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© 2006 Springer-Verlag Italia

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Zanasi, A., Giannuzzi, A., Tursi, F., Fontana, G. (2006). La tosse. In: Malattie dell’apparato respiratorio. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0467-2_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0467-2_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0466-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0467-2

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