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Hand Transplantation pp 249–258Cite as

Skin Rejection in Human Hand Allografts: Histological Findings and Grading System

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Abstract

Composite tissue allotransplantation, i.e. allotransplantation of heterogeneous non-organ tissues containing skin, muscles, bones, tendons and vessels, has been experimentally performed in animals for several decades, with reports dating back to the beginning of the twentieth century [1]. With the advent of cyclosporine, limb allografts were tried again in primates in the 1980s but resulted invariably in more or less rapid immunological rejection, manifesting mainly on the skin [2, 3]. However, discovery of safer and more efficient immunosuppressive drugs, such as tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), along with advances in (micro)surgical techniques, has made allotransplantation of composite tissues possible in humans, opening a new era for replacement of missing tissues due to traumatic or postoperative loss and congenital defects [4, 5].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Édouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France

    Jean Kanitakis

Authors
  1. Jean Kanitakis
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Italian Institute of Hand Surgery, Monza,Milan, Italy

    Marco Lanzetta (Director, Adjunct Professor and President) (Director, Adjunct Professor and President)

  2. University of Canberra, Australia

    Marco Lanzetta (Director, Adjunct Professor and President) (Director, Adjunct Professor and President)

  3. International Hand and Composite, Tissue Allograft Society, Australia

    Marco Lanzetta (Director, Adjunct Professor and President) (Director, Adjunct Professor and President)

  4. Department of Transplantation, Édouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France

    Jean-Michel Dubernard  & Palmina Petruzzo  & 

  5. Department of Surgery, University of Cagliari, Italy

    Palmina Petruzzo

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© 2007 Springer-Verlag Italia

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Kanitakis, J. (2007). Skin Rejection in Human Hand Allografts: Histological Findings and Grading System. In: Lanzetta, M., Dubernard, JM., Petruzzo, P. (eds) Hand Transplantation. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0374-3_32

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0374-3_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0373-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0374-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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