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Tobacco Use and Its Developmental Effects in Children and Adolescents

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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

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Abstract

Tobacco use often starts in adolescence. Early initiation of tobacco use contributes to significant health morbidity and mortality attributable to tobacco use. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) reports that one among five school-going boys and one in ten girls currently uses tobacco. Developmental animal studies point to the role of nicotine as a gateway drug and its priming effect on future drug use. Psychological factors associated with early use of tobacco include a vulnerable temperament, lower self-efficacy, peer influence, role modelling, and other factors. Social factors include norms and social acceptance. Interview and physical examination for tobacco use should be an integral part of the assessment of adolescents. Specific assessment scales help in determining the severity of nicotine addiction. Preventive approaches, i.e. tobacco-free laws, effective health warnings, restricting access to minors form the mainstay of intervention. Studies on the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions do not suggest significantly positive tobacco cessation outcomes for children and adolescents, except perhaps for the selective use of nicotine replacement for the heavy tobacco using adolescent.

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Abbreviations

WHO:

World Health Organization

SEARO:

South East Asia Regional Office

NFHS:

National Family Health Survey

GYTS:

Global Youth Tobacco Survey

GATS:

Global Adult Tobacco Survey

DAMS:

Drug Abuse Monitoring System

NCPCR:

National Commission for Protection of Child Rights

MYTRI:

Mobilizing Youth for Tobacco-Related Initiatives

HRIDAY:

Health-Related Information Dissemination Among Youth

DANDY:

Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth

SECASPS:

Social and Emotional Contexts of Adolescents Smoking Patterns Study

NDSS:

Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale

HONC:

Hooked on Nicotine Questionnaire

mFTQ:

Modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire

FTND:

Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence

IMPACT:

Interventional Model for Prevention of Adolescent and Children against Tobacco

SHS:

Second-Hand Smoke

THS:

Third-Hand Smoke

NoT:

Not on Tobacco

NRT:

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

ENDS:

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

COTPA:

The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003

NNS:

Nicotine Nasal Spray

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Acknowledgments

Ms Sharanya Mohan for the illustrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India

    Pratima Murthy, Aniruddha Basu & Prabhat Kumar Chand

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  1. Pratima Murthy
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

    Savita Malhotra

  2. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Serv., Centre for Interventional Paediatric(CIPPRD) Child and Adolescent Mental Health Serv., London, United Kingdom

    Paramala Santosh

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Murthy, P., Basu, A., Chand, P.K. (2016). Tobacco Use and Its Developmental Effects in Children and Adolescents. In: Malhotra, S., Santosh, P. (eds) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3619-1_7

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