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Cytogenetics

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Mealybugs and their Management in Agricultural and Horticultural crops

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Abstract

Amongst the sap-sucking hemipteran scale insects, the pseudococcids (mealybugs) deserve a special place in pursuance of implying a peculiar situation in which sex determining mechanism and of the prevalence of puzzling meiotic chromosome behaviour. Pseudococcids represent sex-specific heterochromatization of the entire set of chromosome and transcriptional silencing of all male-oriented chromosome systems. In recent years, there have been significant contributions made in towards current understandings of mealybug chromosome systems essentially oriented upon molecular level progression of “genomic imprinting” phenomenon. This report will present available information pertaining to the types of cytological changes that occur at the molecular level organization and how such kind of heterochromatin status might be maintained. As this apparent from the foregoings based on the mealybug chromosomes, the role of constitutively heterochromatic zones in the genome has been defined facilitatively by means of specialized classical staining protocol. It seems evident enough to point out that the explicit nature of facultative heterochromatinization programme (formulated by three-pronged approach: the DNA sequences, the biochemical milieu and the chromatin remodeling) for chromatin-based differences that prevail in the maternal and paternal genomes. It is also apparent that the mealybug system may offer providing as a robust genetic example for the stable maintenance of chromatin code through to mitosis and meiosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, India

    Ramakrishna Sompalaym, Kokilamani A. Lingarajaiah &  Jayaprakash

  2. Department of Biotechnology, KSOU, Mukthagangotri, Mysore, 570 006, India

    Raju G. Narayanappa

  3. Centre for Applied Genetics, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, India

    Jayaprakash & Venkatachalaiah Govindaiah

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  1. Ramakrishna Sompalaym
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  2. Kokilamani A. Lingarajaiah
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  3. Raju G. Narayanappa
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  4. Jayaprakash
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  5. Venkatachalaiah Govindaiah
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Correspondence to Ramakrishna Sompalaym .

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  1. of Horticultural Research, Indian Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    M. Mani

  2. Indian Institute of Horticultural Resear, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    C. Shivaraju

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Sompalaym, R., Lingarajaiah, K.A., Narayanappa, R.G., Jayaprakash, Govindaiah, V. (2016). Cytogenetics. In: Mani, M., Shivaraju, C. (eds) Mealybugs and their Management in Agricultural and Horticultural crops . Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2677-2_3

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