Abstract
A large number of trips are made by nonmotorized transport in Indian cites. However, majority of the users of nonmotorized transport are captive users, people who do not have any other choice of travel mode. The current state of infrastructure for nonmotorized transport is very poor, and city governments have paid very little attention to investment in developing appropriate infrastructure for nonmotorized transport. Therefore, with the increase in income and access to other motorized modes, these users will move to other modes of transport such as motorized two-wheelers or cars or bus. Improvement in NMT infrastructure can benefit current NMT users by reducing risk from other motorized vehicles. Improved NMT infrastructure is also expected to attract short trips from motorized two-wheelers and bus resulting in lower vehicular emissions. Increase use of NMT results in health benefits by increasing opportunities for active transport. Overall NMT-friendly infrastructure and policies can play a very important role in achieving sustainable transport – providing safe and clean mobility to all city residents.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Advani M (2010) Public transport demand estimation: case study Delhi. Ph.D. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Advani M, Tiwari G (2006) Bicycle – as a feeder mode for bus service. In: Velo Mondial conference: third global cycling planning conference, Cape Town
Anand A, Tiwari G (2007) A gendered perspective of the shelter–transport– livelihood link: the case of poor women in Delhi. Transp Rev 26(1):63–80
Census of India (2001) Primary census abstract. Government of India
Dora C, Phillips M (2000) Transport, environment and health. World Health Organization, Copenhagen
Guttikunda SK, Jawahar P (2012) Application of SIM-air modeling tools to assess air quality in Indian cities. Atmos Environ 62:551–561
Han X, Naeher LP (2006) A review of traffic-related air pollution exposure assessment studies in the developing world. Environ Int 32(1):106–120
Itrans (2009) Comprehensive mobility plan. Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Ltd., Patna
Jain H, Tiwari G (2009) Captive riders, informal sector and bicycling: interrelation in Indian cities. Velo-City conference, Brussels
Jain D, Tiwari G (2011) Impact of improving public transport and NMT facilities on CO2 emissions in Indian cities. In: Proceedings of the 2nd National Research conference on climate change, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and Center for Science and Environment (CSE), Delhi
Jain H, Tiwari G, Zuidgeest M (2010) Evaluating bicyclists comfort and safety perception, world conference on transportation research (WCTR), Lisbon, 11–15 July 2010
Kim JJ, Smorodinsky S, Lipsett M, Singer BC, Hodgson AT, Ostro B (2004) Traffic-related air pollution near busy roads. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170(5):520–526
Ministry of Urban Development (2006) National urban transport policy. Government of India
Mohan D, Tiwari G (1999) Sustainable transport systems: linkages between environmental issues, public transport, non motorised transport and safety. Econ Polit Wkly 34(25):1589–1596
Mohan D, Tiwari G, Mukherjee S (2014) A study on community design for traffic safety, Final project report to International Association for Traffic safety transportation research and injury prevention programme, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Pune Municipal Corporation (2006) Network development for bus rapid transit in Pune City: main report. Pune Municipal Corporation, Pune
Pune Municipal Corporation (2008) Comprehensive mobility plan for Pune City. Pune Municipal Corporation, Pune
Rastogi R (2010) Willingness to shift to walking or bicycling to access suburban rail: case study of Mumbai, India. J Urban Plann Dev ASCE 136(1)
Ravi R (2005) The saga of rickshaw. IDS and CSDS, Delhi
Replogle M (1992) Non motorized vehicles in Asian cities. Asia technical department series (162). World Bank, Washington, DC
Rites (1998) Traffic characteristics in Indian cities. Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India
RITES (2008) Delhi survey 2005–2006
Rites (2009) Comprehensive mobility plan for Chandigarh urban complex: draft final report. Chandigarh Administration
Sallis JF, Frank LD, Saelens BE, Kraft MK (2004) Active transportation and physical activity: opportunities for collaboration on transportation and public health research. Transp Res A Policy Pract 38(4):249–268
Sood A (2012) A future for informal services? The cycle rickshaw sector as case study. Econ Political Weekly 47(42):95–102
Srinivasan S (2008) A spatial exploration of the accessibility of low-income women: Chengdu, China and Chennai, India. In: Uteng TP, Cresswell T (eds) Gendered mobilities. Ashgate Publishing, Hampshire, pp 143–158
Thamiz Arasan V, Vedagiri P (2011) Modelling modal shift from personal vehicles to bus on introduction of bus priority measure. Asian Transp Stud 1(3):288–302
Tiwari G (1999) Planning for non motorized traffic-A prerequisite for sustainable transport system. IATSS Res 23(2)
Tiwari G (2002) Urban transport priorities: meeting the challenge of socio-economic diversity in cities, a case study of Delhi, India. Cities 19(2):95–103
Tiwari G, Jain D (2013) NMT infrastructure in India: investment, policy and design. Technical University of Denmark, UNEP Risø Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development, Roskilde
Tiwari G, Fazio J, Gaurav S (2007) Traffic planning for non-homogeneous traffic: special issue on transportation research – safety and sustainability. Sadhana 32(4):309–328
Tsai DH, Wu YH, Chan CC (2008) Comparisons of commuter’s exposure to particulate matters while using different transportation modes. Sci Total Environ 405:71–77
Un-Habitat (2013) Improving informal transport: case studies from Asia, Africa and Latin America. UN-Habitat
Vedagiri P, Arasan VT (2009) Estimating modal shift of car travelers to bus on introduction of bus priority system. J Transp Syst Eng Inf Technol 9(6)
Wilbur Smith Associates (2008) Study on traffic and transportation: policies and strategies in urban areas in India. Ministry of Urban Development
Woodcock J, Edwards P, Tonne C, Armstrong BG, Ashiru O, Banister D, Beevers S, Chalabi Z, Chowdhury Z, Cohen A, Franco OH, Haines A, Hickman R, Lindsay G, Mittal I, Mohan D, Tiwari G, Woodward A, Roberts I (2009) Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: urban land transport. The Lancet 374(9705)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer India
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tiwari, G. (2015). Role of Nonmotorized Transport and Sustainable Transport in Indian Cities. In: Dev, S., Yedla, S. (eds) Cities and Sustainability. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2310-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2310-8_7
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-2309-2
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-2310-8
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsEconomics and Finance (R0)