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Manipulation of Rumen Microbial Ecosystem for Reducing Enteric Methane Emission in Livestock

  • Chapter
Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation

Abstract

Rumen has a complex consortium of microorganisms comprising of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, archaea and bacteriophages, which synergistically act upon the lignocellulosic feeds consisting of cereal straws and stovers, green forages and hays, oil cakes, etc., and produce a mixture of short-chain volatile fatty acids and microbial proteins which the animals can use as a source of nutrients. During this bioconversion process, hydrogen is generated in large quantities which combine with carbon dioxide to generate methane by the activity of methanogenic archaea. Depending upon the composition of diet, the animals might lose 5–12 % of gross energy intake in the form of methane, which leads to poor feed conversion efficiency. To avoid this loss of energy in the form of methane, several methods are technically available (e.g. methane analogues, inorganic terminal electron acceptors, ionophore antibiotics, organic unsaturated fatty acids, microbial intervention like use of probiotics and selective removal of ciliate protozoa and plant secondary metabolites), but each one of them has its own merits and demerits. In many cases, the results are based upon only in in vitro experiments. In this chapter, a few of the feed supplements which have a potential to inhibit methanogenesis and have been tested in in vivo experiments will be discussed.

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  1. Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India

    D. N. Kamra, Neeta Agarwal & L. C. Chaudhary

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  1. D. N. Kamra
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  2. Neeta Agarwal
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  3. L. C. Chaudhary
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Correspondence to D. N. Kamra .

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  1. Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Veerasamy Sejian

  2. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia

    John Gaughan

  3. Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

    Lance Baumgard

  4. ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Cadaba Prasad

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Kamra, D.N., Agarwal, N., Chaudhary, L.C. (2015). Manipulation of Rumen Microbial Ecosystem for Reducing Enteric Methane Emission in Livestock. In: Sejian, V., Gaughan, J., Baumgard, L., Prasad, C. (eds) Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2265-1_16

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