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Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation pp 141–169Cite as

Global Warming: Role of Livestock

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Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the current state of knowledge concerning global warming with special reference to contribution from livestock resources. Global warming pertains to the effect of natural greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and halogenated compounds on the environment. These GHGs are generated by humans and human-related activities. Carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O are the principal sources of radiative forcing (Fifth IPCC Report of 2013). Interestingly, livestock contributes to climate change through emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere. Globally, the livestock sector directly and indirectly contributes 18 % (7.1 billion tonnes CO2 equivalent) of GHG emissions. While direct GHG emissions from livestock refer to emissions from enteric fermentations in livestock, urine excretion, and microbial activities in manures, indirect GHG emissions are those not directly derived from livestock activities but from manure applications on farm crops, production of fertilizer for growing crops used for animal feed production, and processing and transportation of refrigerated livestock products. Other indirect emissions include deforestation, desertification, and release of carbons from cultivated soils due to expansion of livestock husbandry. According to FAO’s Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM), the GHG emission from livestock-related activities was estimated to be around 7.1 gigatonnes CO2-eq. per annum, representing 14.5 % of human-induced emissions. This clearly indicates the significant role for livestock contributions to climate change.

Keywords

  • Enteric fermentation
  • GLEAM
  • Global warming
  • Livestock
  • Manure management
  • Methane and nitrous oxide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India

    Veerasamy Sejian & J. P. Ravindra

  2. Department of Veterinary Physiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, 521102, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Iqbal Hyder

  3. Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster Campus, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA

    T. Ezeji

  4. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    J. Lakritz

  5. ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India

    Raghavendra Bhatta & Cadaba S. Prasad

  6. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Rattan Lal

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Correspondence to Veerasamy Sejian .

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  1. Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Veerasamy Sejian

  2. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia

    John Gaughan

  3. Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

    Lance Baumgard

  4. ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Cadaba Prasad

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Sejian, V. et al. (2015). Global Warming: Role of Livestock. In: Sejian, V., Gaughan, J., Baumgard, L., Prasad, C. (eds) Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2265-1_10

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