Neem (Azadirachta indica)

Abstract

Neem is a versatile tree of Indian origin. Since ancient times, its various plant parts have been used to control domestic insects, stored grain pests, and crop pests and in human and livestock medicine. Chemicals extracted have shown potential as pesticides and as nitrification inhibitors and do not pose environmental pollution and related health hazards in human and livestock. It is a favorite garden tree with delicate foliage and lilac-colored flowers in profuse axillary panicles. The Malabar Neem is also found in India. Neem is cultivated throughout India. Nineteen meliaceous genera are represented in Indian subcontinent by one or more species. Neem is the most important of the fourteen Indian timber trees of this family confined to meliaceous genera. Its wood is a good source of fuel wood and used in preparation of agricultural implements. Neem kernels are used in manufacturing cake which is rich in NPK content; apart from this, it acts as insecticide when applied to soil. Seeds are also used in preparation of insecticidal formulations. The leaves are a source of fodder for camels.