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Using Petroleum and Biomass-Derived Fuels in Duel-fuel Diesel Engines

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Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development

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Abstract

There is worldwide interest in developing renewable energy sources in a sustainable manner. Syngas and biogas offer significant potential in this context, as these fuels offer great flexibility with regard to their production and utilization. This chapter provides an overview of research dealing with the combustion and emission characteristics of these fuels, both as stand-alone fuels or by blending with petroleum fuels. Conversion methods for producing these fuels from different biomass sources are also briefly reviewed. While the syngas composition can vary widely, it generally has lower heating value, lower density, higher mass diffusivity, higher flame speeds, and wider flammability limits compared to hydrocarbon fuels. Moreover, its combustion leads to almost zero soot emission, although NO x emission may be a concern depending upon its composition and operating temperatures. Similarly, biogas has lower heating value compared to hydrocarbon fuels, and its ignition and combustion characteristics can vary noticeably depending upon its composition. While there have been few studies focusing directly on biogas combustion, there is extensive literature on methane combustion, including ignition, extinction, flammability limits, flame speeds, cellular instabilities, and emissions. Fundamental combustion aspects requiring further research include cellular instabilities, flame stabilization and blowout behavior, turbulent flames, and emission characteristics. Such efforts would lead to the development of optimized systems for producing these fuels and provide guidelines for optimizing their composition for a given set of operating conditions. The use of syngas and biogas in dual-fuel diesel engines has been a subject of numerous experimental and computational studies. A general observation is that the engine performance and emission characteristics are significantly modified by the presence of gaseous fuel. While the heat release in a diesel engine generally occurs through a hybrid combustion mode, involving rich premixed combustion and diffusion combustion, that in a dual-fuel engine also involves a lean combustion mode with a propagating flame. The dual-fuel operation at high-load conditions can provide significant reduction in soot and CO soot emissions, while maintaining the engine efficiency, provided the injection characteristics including the amount of pilot fuel can be optimized. However, the NO x emission may increase, requiring a suitable strategy for lowering the temperatures. The dual-fuel strategy may be less effective at low load, resulting in lower thermal efficiency and higher UHC and CO emissions. Future work should be directed at optimizing the various parameters, such as injection timing, amount of pilot fuel injected, EGR, and multiple injections.

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Acknowledgments

Prof. Aggarwal’s research over the years has been funded by several federal agencies, including NSF, NASA, AFOSR, EPA, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, and ANL, as well as industry. His work concerning engine combustion and biomass-derived fuels has been supported by ANL. Many results in this monograph were computed by graduate students, Mr. Francesco Quesito and Mr. Xiao Fu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Flow and Combustion Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA

    Suresh K. Aggarwal

  2. Flow and Combustion Simulation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA

    Xiao Fu

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  1. Suresh K. Aggarwal
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Correspondence to Suresh K. Aggarwal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Avinash K Agarwal

  2. Centre for Biofuels and Biotechnology Division, NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    Ashok Pandey

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Ashwani K. Gupta

  4. Flow and Combustion Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Suresh K. Aggarwal

  5. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Abhijit Kushari

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Aggarwal, S.K., Fu, X. (2014). Using Petroleum and Biomass-Derived Fuels in Duel-fuel Diesel Engines. In: Agarwal, A., Pandey, A., Gupta, A., Aggarwal, S., Kushari, A. (eds) Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2211-8_11

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