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Plant Pharmacogenomics: From Drug Discovery to Personalized Ethnomedicine

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PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science

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Abstract

Plants have been an integral part of ethnomedicine and are being exploited for their therapeutic benefits for centuries. They have not only contributed to the drug discovery and development process but also supported the conventional therapeutic strategies by providing effective curative alternatives. The genetic makeup of the botanical source tends to affect the qualitative and quantitative properties of a phytochemical. These plant products, like other medicinal agents, possess beneficial and adverse drug reactions, which vary widely among individuals. This variation is mainly attributable to the difference in the genetic makeup of an individual. To investigate these differences, the study of plant pharmacogenomics becomes inevitable. Plant pharmacogenomics deals with the study of the genetic processes involved in the differential pharmacological responses to a particular phytochemical and vice versa. Interindividual variation in drug transport, metabolism, and interaction at the receptor site are some of the representations of these genetic variants. Understanding of the interrelationship of the genetic diversity of individuals and the administered plant product can help develop ideal therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a disease. Recent advances in the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have made the functional understanding of the genome efficient and accurate. The scope of pharmacogenomics spreads from simple monogenic traits to complex pathways involving hundreds of alleles, influencing both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics parameters, thus helping in the effective translation of molecular data into clinical findings. Once the correlation between the genetic makeup of an individual and the expected therapeutic response to a particular plant product is established, targeted, personalized pharmacotherapy can be developed. This review systemically analyzes the recent developments in plant pharmacogenomics and its contributions in the field of molecular and pharmaceutical sciences.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

ADR:

Adverse drug reactions

APO:

Apoenzyme

BRCA:

Breast cancer (susceptibility gene)

BSA:

Body surface area

CAM:

Complementary and alternate medicine

DDD:

Drug design and discovery

HER 2:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2

HIF:

Hypoxia-inducible factor

HTS:

High-throughput screening

IBD:

Identity by descent

LOH:

Loss of heterozygosity

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

QSAR:

Quantitative structure-activity relationship

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

TCTP:

Translationally controlled tumor protein

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  1. Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar Ph.D., Najam us Sahar Sadaf Zaidi Ph.D. & Alvina Gul Kazi Ph.D.

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  1. Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar Ph.D.
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  2. Najam us Sahar Sadaf Zaidi Ph.D.
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  3. Alvina Gul Kazi Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Alvina Gul Kazi Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Genomics, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, West Bengal, India

    Debmalya Barh

  2. University of Agriculture, Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sarwar Khan

  3. Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Eric Davies

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Babar, M.M., us Sahar Sadaf Zaidi, N., Kazi, A.G. (2015). Plant Pharmacogenomics: From Drug Discovery to Personalized Ethnomedicine. In: Barh, D., Khan, M., Davies, E. (eds) PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2172-2_25

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