Abstract
Transformation processes in Russia are giving rise to various forms of social disparity and differentiation, which often affects the interests and social status of the vulnerable groups, and orphans constitute one of those groups. This chapter explores orphan care and orphans’ housing needs in the context of social disparity in Russia. The first method used in this chapter is reviewing research of social disparity and housing policy in Russia. The second method analyzes the main policy guidelines and practices regarding orphan care and meeting their housing needs. The outcomes of the analysis and reviews presented in this chapter are based on the analysis of national and international legislation and official statistics. The principal idea of this chapter is to demonstrate that social adjustment skills and mobility of orphans, being affected by modern social disparity, are largely limited due to structural problems in the domestic economy, especially inner social policy with regard to orphans and their socialization.
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Notes
- 1.
Full state support means providing orphans and children deprived of parental care during their studying in a state or municipal establishment, in a foster or guardian family, with free food, free set of clothing and shoes, free medical treatment or compensation for treatment; orphans studying in secondary and higher educational establishments at the age of 18–23 have a right to receive full state support and additional social guarantees until they graduate from the full-time professional educational establishments. (Article 1, the Federal Law “On additional guarantees on social protection of orphans and children, deprived of parental care.”)
- 2.
- 3.
“In conditions of low fertility of cultivated lands, emergence of a razdatok-economy system (Russ ‘razdavat,’ to give) helped the ancient Russian state to survive. Over its centuries-old history, razdatok-economy provided for the restoration of the land and replenishment of other natural resources, these being the sources of public wealth.
Economic institutions unique only to the razdatok-economy system have been established in the course of its evolution. They secured the basic relationship between the people involved in the process of developing the new lands and the management of the economy. A service-labor system was the basis for the razdatok-economy. It defined the rules of economic activity for all the members of the society who were involved in using the public resources” (Bessonova et al. 1996).
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, project “Mathematical models, algorithms, and software tools for knowledge discovery in big data given by relational and textual collections,” 2013.
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Vinkov, S. (2015). Housing for Orphans Against the Backdrop of Social Disparity in Russia. In: Gurtoo, A., Williams, C. (eds) Developing Country Perspectives on Public Service Delivery. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2160-9_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2160-9_13
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