Abstract
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are the most important resources for transcriptome exploration. Next-generation sequencing technologies have been generating gigabytes of genetic codes representing genes, partial and whole genomes most of which are EST datasets. Niche of EST in plants for breeding, regulation of gene expression through miRNA studies, and their application for adapting to climatic changes are discussed. Some of the recent tools for analysis of EST exclusive to plants are listed out. Systems biology though in its infancy in plants has influenced EST mapping for unraveling gene regulatory circuits, which is illustrated with a few significant examples. This review throws a glance at the evolving role of ESTs in plants.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams MD, Kelley JM, Gocayne JD, Dubnick M, Polymeropoulos MH, Xiao H, Merril CR, Wu A, Olde B, Moreno R, Kerlavage AR, Mccombie WR, Venter JC (1991) Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and the human genome project. Science 252:1651–1656
Allmer J, Naumann B, Markert C, Zhang M, Hippler M (2006) Mass spectrometric genomic data mining: novel insights into bioenergetic pathways in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proteomics 6:6207–6220
Amiour N, Imbaud S, Clément G, Agier N, Zivy M, Valot B, Balliau T, Armengaud P, Quilleré I, Cañas R, Tercet-Laforgue T, Hirel B (2012) The use of metabolomics integrated with transcriptomic and proteomic studies for identifying key steps involved in the control of nitrogen metabolism in crops such as maize. J Exp Bot 63(14):5017–5033
Andersen JR, Lübberstedt T (2003) Functional markers in plants. Trends Plant Sci 8:554–559
Arias RS, Borrone JW, Tondo CL, Kuhn DN, Irish BM, Schnell RJ (2012) Genomics of tropical fruit crops. In: Schnell RJ, Priyadarshan PM (eds) Genomics of tree crops. Springer, Dordrecht, p 209
Barker MS, Dlugosch KM, Reddy ACC, Amyotte SN, Rieseberg LH (2009) SCARF: maximizing next-generation EST assemblies for evolutionary and population genomic analyses. Bioinformatics 25(4):535–536
Bircher JA, Auger DL, Riddle NC (2003) In search of the molecular basis of heterosis. Plant Cell 15:2236–2239
Boopathi N, Pathmanaban R (2012) Additional insights into the adaptation of cotton plants under abiotic stresses by in silico analysis of conserved miRNAs in cotton expressed sequence tag database (dbEST). Afr J Biotechnol 11(76):14054–14063
Bouck A, Vision T (2007) The molecular ecologists’ guide to expressed sequence tags. Mol Ecol 16(5):907–924
Campbell MM, Brunner AM, Jones HM, Strauss SH (2003) Forestry’s fertile crescent: the application of biotechnology to forest trees. Plant Biotechnol J 1:141–154
Conesa A, Gotz S, Garcia-Gomez JM et al (2005) Blast2GO: a universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research. Bioinformatics 21:3674–3676
D’Agostino N, Aversano M, Chiusano ML (2005) ParPEST: a pipeline for EST data analysis based on parallel computing. BMC Bioinform 6(4):9
D’Agostino N, Aversano M, Chiusano ML (2007) Tomato EST database: in silico exploitation of EST data to explore expression patterns in tomato species. Nucleic Acids Res 35:901–905
Das A, Mondal TK (2010) Computational identification of conserved microRNAs and their targets in Tea (Camellia sinensis). Am J Plant Sci 1:77–86
Dias NE, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, Briones MR, Nagai MA, Wilson DS, Zago MA, Bordin S, Costa FF, Goldman GH et al (2000) Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:3491–3496
Diouf D (2003) Genetic transformation of trees. Afr J Biotechnol 2:328–333
Feng S, Wang X, Zhang X, Dang PM, Holbrook CC, Culbreath AK, Wu Y, Guo B (2012) Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) expressed sequence tag project: progress and application. Comp Funct Genomic 2012:373768
Fernie AR (2012) Grand challenges in plant systems biology: closing the circle(s). Front Plant Sci 3:35
Forment J, Gilabert F, Robles A, Conejero V, Nuez F, Blanca JM (2008) EST2uni: an open, parallel tool for automated EST analysis and database creation, with data mining web interface and microarray expression data integration. BMC Bioinform 9:5
Franks SJ, Hoffman AA (2012) Genetics of climate change adaptation. Annu Rev Genet 12(46):185–208
Girke T, Ozkan M, Carter M, Raikhel NV (2003) Towards a modelling infrastructure for studying plant cells. Plant Physiol 132:410–414
González-Ibeas D, Blanca J, Roig C, González-To M, Picó B, Truniger V, Gómez P, Deleu W, Caño-Delgado A, Arús P, Nuez F, GarcÃa-Mas J, Puigdomènech P, Aranda MA (2007) MELOGEN: an EST database for melon functional genomics. BMC Genomics 8:306–312
Grimplet J, Dickerson JA, Victor KJ, Cramer GR, Fennell AY (2008) Systems biology of the Grapevine. In Proceedings of the 2nd annual national viticulture research conference, University of California, Davis, 9–11 July
Gruszka D, Marzec M, Szarejko I (2012) The barley EST DNA Replication and Repair Database (bEST-DRRD) as a tool for the identification of the genes involved in DNA replication and repair. BMC Plant Biol 12:88–94
Guan H, Kiss-Toth E (2008) Advanced technologies for studies on protein interactomes. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 110:1
Gupta PK, Rustgi S (2004) Molecular markers from the transcribed/expressed region of the genome in higher plants. Funct Integr Genomic 4:139–162
Gupta PK, Varshney RK (2004) Cereal genomics: an overview. In: Gupta PK, Varshney RK (eds) Cereal genomics. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, p 639
Habash DZ, Kehel Z, Nachit M (2009) Genomic approaches for designing durum wheat ready for climate change with a focus on drought. J Exp Bot 60(10):2805–2815. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp211
Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Hankeln T, Ernst P et al (2003) ESTAnnotator: a tool for high throughput EST annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 31:3716–3719
Jain SM, Brar DS, Ahloowalia BS (2002) Molecular techniques in crop improvement. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht
Kerr Wall P, Leebens-Mack J, Chanderbali AS, Barakat A, Wolcott E, Liang H, Landherr L, Tomsho LP, Hu Y, Carlson JE, Ma H, Schuster SC, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Altman N, dePamphilis CW (2009) Comparison of next generation sequencing technologies for transcriptome characterization. BMC Genomics 10:347
Khanuja SPS, Jhang T, Shasany AK (2012) Medicinal and aromatic plants: a case example of evolving secondary metabolome and biochemical pathway diversity. In: Sharma VP (ed) Nature at work: ongoing saga of evolution. Springer, Dordrecht, p 355
Kim D-W, Jung T-S, Nam S-H, Kwon H-R, Kim A, Chae S-H, Choi S-H, Kim D-W, Kim RN, Park H-S (2009) GarlicESTdb: an online database and mining tool for garlic EST sequences. BMC Plant Biol 9:61–67
Kirschner MW (2005) The meaning of systems biology. Cell 121:503–504
Kumar CG, LeDuc R, Gong G et al (2004) ESTIMA, a tool for EST management in a multi-project environment. BMC Bioinform 5:176
Lee B, Shin G (2009) CleanEST: a database of cleansed EST libraries. Nucleic Acids Res 37:686–689
Lee B, Hong T, Byun SJ, Woo T, Choi YJ (2007) ESTpass: a web-based server for processing and annotating expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 35:159–162
Liberman LM, Sozzani R, Benfey PN (2012) Integrative systems biology: an attempt to describe a simple weed. Curr Opin Plant Biol 15(2):162–167
Liu H, Jin T, Liao R, Wan L, Xu B, Zhou S, Guan J (2012) miRFANs: an integrated database for Arabidopsis thaliana microRNA function annotations. BMC Plant Biol 12:68
Lu Y, Gan Q, Chi X, Qin S (2008) Roles of microRNA in plant defense and virus offense interaction. Plant Cell Rep 27(10):1571–1579
Malik MR, Wang F, Dirpaul JM, Zhou N, Polowick PL, Ferrie AMR, Krochko JE (2007) Transcript profiling and identification of molecular markers for early microspore embryogenesis in Brassica napus. Plant Physiol 144:134–154
Mallory CA, Vaucheret H (2006) Functions of microRNAs and related small RNAs in plants. Nat Genet 38:31–36
Mao C, Cushman JC, May GD, Weller JW (2003) ESTAP – an automated system for the analysis of EST data. Bioinformatics 19:1720–1722
Maraschin SF, De Priester W, Spaink HP, Wang M (2005) Androgenic switch: an example of plant embryogenesis from the male gametophyte perspective. J Exp Bot 417:1711–1726
Mason ME, Koch JL, Krasowski M, Loo J (2013) Comparisons of protein profiles of beech bark disease resistant and susceptible American beech (Fagus grandifolia). Proteome Sci 11:2
May P, Wienkoop S, Kempa S, Usadel B, Christian N, Rupprecht J, Weiss J, Recuenco-Munoz L, Ebenhöh O, Weckwerth W, Walther D (2008) Metabolomics- and proteomics-assisted genome annotation and analysis of the draft metabolic network of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Genetics 179:157–166
Mazur B, Krebbers E, Tingey S (1999) Gene discovery and product development for grain quality traits. Science 285:372–375
Morozova O, Marra MA (2008) Applications of next-generation sequencing technologies in functional genomics. Genomics 92(5):255–264
Muvva C, Tewari L, Aruna K, Ranjit P, Zahoorullah SMD, Matheen KAMD, Veeramachaneni H (2012) In silico identification of miRNAs and their targets from the expressed sequence tags of Raphanus sativus. Bioinformation 8:2
Nagaraj SH, Gasser RB, Ranganathan S (2006) A hitchhiker’s guide to expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis. Brief Bioinform 8(1):6–21
Nagaraj SH, Deshpande N, Gasser RB, Ranganathan S (2007) ESTExplorer: an expressed sequence tag (EST) assembly and annotation platform. Nucleic Acids Res 35:143–147
Nam S-H, Kim D-W, Jung T-S, Choi Y-S, Kim D-W, Choi H-S, Choi S-H, Park H-S (2009) PESTAS: a web server for EST analysis and sequence mining. Bioinformatics 25(14):1846–1848
Nasaruddin MN, Harikrishna K, Othman YR, Hoon SL, Harikrishna AJ (2007) Computational prediction of microRNAs from Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) expressed sequence tags. Asian Pac J Mol Biol Biotechnol 15(3):107–113
Naumann B, Busch A, Allmer J, Ostendorf E, Zeller M et al (2007) Comparative quantitative proteomics to investigate the remodelling of bioenergetic pathways under iron deficiency in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proteomics 7:3964–3979
Numnark S, Mhuantong W, Ingsriswang S, Wichadakul D (2012) C-mii: a tool for plant miRNA and target identification. BMC Genomics 13:7–16
Osbourn AE, O’Maille PE, Rosser SJ, Lindsey K (2012) Synthetic biology. New Phytol 196(3):671–677
Panchangam S, Mallikarjuna N, Suravajhala P (2012) Apomixis in Chickpea: biology and bioinformatics. Poster session presented at VI international conference on legume genetics and genomics, Hyderabad, India
Pertea G, Huang X, Liang F, Antonescu V, Sultana R, Karamycheva S, Lee Y, White J, Cheung F et al (2003) TIGR Gene Indices Clustering Tools (TGICL): a software system for fast clustering of large EST datasets. Bioinformatics 19:651–652
Plechakova O, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Benedet F, Couderc M, Tinaut A, Viader V, De Block P, Hamon P, Campa C, de Kochko A, Hamon S, Poncet V (2009) MoccaDB – an integrative database for functional, comparative and diversity studies in the Rubiaceae family. BMC Plant Biol 9:123–129
Reusch TBH, Reusch AS, Preuss C, Weiner J, Wissler L, Beck A, Klages S, Kube M, Reinhardt R, Bornberg-Bauer E (2008) Comparative analysis of expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries in the seagrass zostera marina subjected to temperature stress. Mar Biotechnol 10:297–309
Sarmah R, Sahu J, Dehury B, Sarma K, Sahoo S, Sahu M, Barooah M, Sen P, Modi MK (2012) ESMP: a high-throughput computational pipeline for mining SSR markers from ESTs. Bioinformation 8:4
Semagn K, Bjornstad A, Xu Y (2010) The genetic dissection of quantitative traits in crops. Electron J Biotechnol 13:5
Shimomura M, Minami H, Suetsugu Y, Ohyanagi H, Satoh C, Antonio B, Nagamura Y, Kadono-Okuda K, Kajiwara H, Sezutsu H, Nagaraju J, Goldsmith MR, Xia Q, Yamamoto K, Mita K (2009) KAIKObase: an integrated silkworm genome database and data mining tool. BMC Genomics 10:486–493
Somerville C, Sommerville S (1999) Plant functional genomics. Science 285:380–383
Sun G (2012) MicroRNAs and their diverse functions in plants. Plant Mol Biol 80(1):17–36. doi:10.1007/s11103-011-9817-6
Sunkar R, Jagadeeswaran G (2008) In silico identification of conserved microRNAs in large number of diverse plant species. BMC Plant Biol 8(37)
Suravajhala P, Sundararajan VS (2012) A classification schema to validate protein interactors. Bioinformation 8(1):34–39
Sweetlove LJ, Last RL, Fernie AR (2003) Predictive metabolic engineering: a goal for systems biology. Plant Physiol 132:420–425
Tang Z, Choi J-H, Hemmerich C, Sarangi A, Colbourne JK, Dong Q (2009) ESTPiper – a web-based analysis pipeline for expressed sequence tags. BMC Genomics 10:174
Testillano PS, Risueño MC (2009) Tracking gene and protein expression during microspore embryogenesis by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In: Touraev A (ed) Advances in haploid production in higher plants. Springer, Dordrecht, p 339
Tsai WC, Fu CH, Hsiao YY, Huang YM, Chen LJ, Wang M, Liu ZJ, Chen HH (2013) OrchidBase 2.0: comprehensive collection of Orchidaceae floral transcriptomes. Plant Cell Physiol 54(2):7
Van de Poel B, Bulens I, Markoula A, Hertog M, Dreesen R, Wirtz M, Vandoninck S, Oppermann Y, Keulemans J, Hell R, Waelkens E, De Proft MP, Sauter M, Nicolai BM, Geeraerd AH (2012) Targeted systems biology profiling of tomato fruit reveals coordination of the yang cycle and a distinct regulation of ethylene biosynthesis during postclimacteric ripening. Plant Physiol 160:1498–1514
Varshney RK, Mahendar T, Aggarwal RK, Börner A (2007) Genic molecular markers in plants: development and applications. In: Varshney RK, Tuberosa R (eds) Genomics-assisted crop improvement: genomics approaches and platforms, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 13–29
Varshney RK, Ribaut J-M, Buckler ES, Tuberosa R, Rafalski JA, Langridge P (2012) Can genomics boost the productivity of orphan crops? Nat Biotechnol 30:1172–1176. doi:10.1038/nbt.2440
Waegele B, Schmidt T, Mewes HW, Ruepp A (2008) OREST: the online resource for EST analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 1(36(Web Server issue)):W140–W144
Walbot V (1999) Genes, genomes, genomics. What can plant biologists expect from the 1998 National Science Foundation plant genome research program? Plant Physiol 119:1151–1155
Weckwerth W (2008) Integration of metabolomics and proteomics in molecular plant physiology: coping with the complexity by data-dimensionality reduction. Physiol Plant 132:176–189
Wortman JR, Haas BJ, Hannick LI, Smith RK Jr, Maiti R, Ronning CM, Chan AP, Yu C, Ayele M, Whitelaw CA, White OR, Town CD (2003) Annotation of the arabidopsis genome. Plant Physiol 132(2):461–468
Zhang BH, Pan XP, Wang QL, Cobb GP, Anderson TA (2005) Identification and characterization of new plant microRNAs using EST analysis. Cell Res 15:336–360
Zheng Q, Song J, Campbell-Palmer L, Thompson K, Li L, Walker B, Cui Y, Li X (2013) A proteomic investigation of apple fruit during ripening and in response to ethylene treatment. J Proteomics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.006
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer India
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Panchangam, S., Mallikarjuna, N., Suravajhala, P. (2014). ESTs in Plants: Where Are We Heading?. In: P.B., K., Bandopadhyay, R., Suravajhala, P. (eds) Agricultural Bioinformatics. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1880-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1880-7_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-1879-1
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-1880-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)