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Orbital Apex Inflammation

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Emergencies of the Orbit and Adnexa

Abstract

A wide variety of pathologic processes can involve the structures located at the apex of the orbit. In particular both noninfectious inflammations and infections can cause an orbital apex syndrome. Noninfectious inflammations include sarcoidosis, various vasculitides such as Wegener’s granulomatosis and giant cell (temporal) arteritis, and idiopathic orbital inflammation including immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease. Infections may be caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, spirochetes, and even parasites. The management of an orbital apex syndrome caused by inflammation depends on whether the inflammation is infectious or noninfectious as well as on the specific agent causing the syndrome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuro-Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

    Bokkwan Jun MD

  2. Ophthalmology, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

    Neil R. Miller MD

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  1. Bokkwan Jun MD
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Correspondence to Neil R. Miller MD .

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  1. Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India

    Bipasha Mukherjee

  2. Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China

    Hunter Yuen

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Jun, B., Miller, N.R. (2017). Orbital Apex Inflammation. In: Mukherjee, B., Yuen, H. (eds) Emergencies of the Orbit and Adnexa. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1807-4_24

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