Skip to main content

Abstract

The nonseptate and intercellular mycelium of Albugo species feeds by means of globose or knob-shaped intracellular haustoria, one to several in each host cells. The detail of haustorial formation and development has been given by Berlin and Bowen (American Journal of Botany, 51, 650–652,1964a, American Journal of Botany, 51, 445–452, b); Coffey (Canadian Journal of Botany, 53, 1285–1299, 1975, Canadian Journal of Botany, 61, 2004–2014, 1983); Davison (Fr. Annals of Botany (Lond.), 32, 613–621, 1968); Fraymouth (Transactions of British Mycological Society, 39, 79–107, 1956), and Wager (Annals of Botany, 10, 89–91 , 1896).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alexander, H. M., & Burdon, J. J. (1984). The effect of disease induced by A. candida (white rust) and P. parasitica (downy mildew) on the survival and reproduction of Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepherd’s purse). Oecologia, 64, 314–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, T. (2007). Molecular detection and pathology of the oomycete Albugo candida (white rust) in threatened coastal cresses. DOC Research & Development Series 274. Wellington: Science and Technical Publishing (pp. 5–18). (Department of Conservation)

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, J. D., & Bowen, C. C. (1964a). Centrioles in fungus Albugo candida. American Journal of Botany, 51, 650–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, J. D., & Bowen, C. C. (1964b). The host-parasite interface of Albugo candida on Raphanus sativus. American Journal of Botany, 51, 445–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, M. C., & Dainello, F. J. (1986). Comparison of percent leaf area with white rust lesions and two other methods for evaluating partial resistance to A. occidentalis in spinach. Phytopathology, 76, 1087. (Abstr.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, M. D. (1975). Ultrastructural features of the haustorial apparatus of the white blister fungus A. candida. Canadian Journal of Botany, 53, 1285–1299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, M. D. (1983). Cytochemical specialization at the haustorial interface of a biotrophic fungal parasite Albugo candida. Canadian Journal of Botany, 61, 2004–2014.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davison, E. M. (1968). Cytochemistry and ultrastructure of hyphae and haustoria of P. parasitica (Pers. ex Fr.). Fr. Annals of Botany (Lond.), 32, 613–621.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeBary, A. (1866). Morphologie und physiologic der Pilze, Flechten und Myxomyceten. Leipzig: Welhelm Engelmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, Z., Rimmer, S. R., & Stefansson, B. R. (1983). Inheritance of resistance to Albugo candida in rape (Brassica napus L.). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 25, 420–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis, S. A., Dewey, F. M., & Gurr, S. J. (1996). The role of cutinase in germling development and infection by Erysiphe graminis fsp. hordei. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 49, 201–211.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraymouth, J. (1956). Haustoria of the Peronosoporales. Transactions of British Mycological Society, 39, 79–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, D. T., & Williams, P. H. (1984). Correlation of spore production by A. candida and a visual white rust rating scale. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 6, 175–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goyal, B. K., Verma, P. R., & Spurr, D. T. (1995). Temperature effects on oospore development of Albugo candida race 2V in detached Brassica juncea leaves. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 26, 224–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goyal, B. K., Verma, P. R., Spurr, D. T., & Reddy, M. S. (1996a). Albugo candida staghead formation in Brassica juncea in relation to plant age, inoculation sites, and incubation conditions. Plant Pathology, 45, 787–794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goyal, B. K., Verma, P. R., Seguin-Swartz, G., & Spurr, D. T. (1996b). Growth of Albugo candida in leaf callus cultures of Brassica rapa. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 18, 225–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, H., & Watson, A. K. (1980). Damage to common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) caused by the white rust fungus A. tragopogi. Weed Science, 28, 632–635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heald, F. D. (1926). Diseases due to downy mildew and allies. In J. C. Lean (Ed.), Manual of plant diseases. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc. (Vol. 16, pp. 390–426).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudspeth, D. S. S., Nadler, S. A., & Hudspeth, M. E. S. (2000). A cox2 phylogeny of the Peronosporomycestes (Oomycetes). Mycologia, 92, 674–684.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, D. J., LeFebvre, S. M., Ojerio, R. S., Berwald, N., & Heikkinen, E. (1998). Persistent, systemic, asymptomatic infections of A. candida, an oomycete parasite, detected in three wild crucifer species. Canadian Journal of Botany, 76, 739–750.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkyn, J. F., Hirst, J. M., & King, G. (1973). An apparatus for the isolated propagation of foliar pathogens and their hosts. Annals of Applied Biology, 73, 9–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolte, S. J., Sachan, J. N., & Rimmer, S. R. (1998). A new simple technique for development of seedling infection of white rust of rapeseed-mustard from oospores of A. candida. Indian Phytopathology, 51, 287–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahiri, I., & Bhowmik, T.P. (1993). Growth of the white rust fungus Albugo candida in callus tissue of Brassica juncea. Journal of General Microbiology, 139, 2875-2878.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakra, B. S., & Saharan, G. S. (1988b). Influence of host resistance on colonization and incubation period of A. candida in mustard. Cruciferae Newsletter, 13, 108–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakra, B. S., & Saharan, G. S. (1989). Sporangial viability of Albugo candida infecting mustard under different storage conditions. Oil Crops Newsletter, 6, 22–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakra, B. S., & Saharan, G. S. (1988c). Morphological and pathological variations in Albugo candida associated with Brassica species. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 18, 149–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakra, B. S., & Saharan, G. S. (1990). Role of host resistance and planting time in progression of white rust and yield of mustard. Indian Phytopathology, 43, 201–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. B., & Taylor, J. W. (1990). Isolation of DNA from fungal mycelia and single spores. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, & T. J. White (Eds.), PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications (pp. 282–287). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leckie, D., Astley, D., Crute, I. R., Ellis, P. R., Pink, D. A. C., Boukema, I., Monteiro, A. A., & Dias, J. S. (1996). The location and exploitation of genes for pest and disease resistance in European gene bank collection of Horticultural Brassicas. In J. S. Dias, I. R. Crute, & A. A. Monteiro (Eds.), Proceedings of international symposium on Brassicas, 9th crucifer genetics workshop (Vols. 407, pp. 95–101) (Acta Hort.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J. Q., & Rimmer, S. R. (1993). Production and germination of oospore of A. candida inoculum. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 15, 265–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J. Q., Rimmer, S. R., & Scarth, R. (1989). Histopathology of compatibility and incompatibility between oilseed rape and Albugo candida. Plant Pathology, 38, 176–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, C. X., Sivasithamparam, K., Walton, G., Salisbury, P., Burton, W., Banga, S. S., Banga, S., Chattopadhyay, C., Kumar, A., Singh, R., Singh, D., Agnohotri, A., Liu, S. Y., Li, Y. C., Fu, T. D., Wang, Y. F., & Barbetti, M. J. (2007). Expression and relationships of resistance to white rust (Albugo candida) at cotyledonary, seedling, and flowering stages in Brassica juncea germplasm from Australia, China, and India. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 58, 259–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meena, P. D., & Sharma, P. (2012). Methodology for production and germination of oospores of Albugo candida infecting oilseed. Brassica Vegetos, 25, 115–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meena, S. S., Brar, K. S., Chauhan, J. S., Meena, P. D., Sandhu, P. S., Awasthi, R. P., Rathi, A. S., Kumar, Ashok, Gupta, J. C., & Kolte, S. J. (2011). GGE Biplot analysis of Brassica genotypes for white rust disease severity under aided epiphytotic conditions in India (pp. 1201–1204). Prague: Proceedings of 13th International Rapeseed Congress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayee, C. D., & Datar, V. V. (1986). Host range and disease assessment scales. Parbhani: Phytopathnometry (pp. 110–111) (Marathwada Agricultural University).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meena, P. D. (2007). Report on attachment training at Rothamsted Research, UK under DFID Oilseeds Brassica Improvement Programme, pp. 70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473–497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nath, M. D., Sharma, S. L., & Kant, U. (2000). Growth of Albugo candida infected mustard callus in culture. Mycopathologia, 152, 147–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, M. J., & Webb, R. E. (1958). Preservation of conidia of A.occidentalis and Peronospora effusa obligate parasites of spinach. Plant Disease Report, 42, 1312–1315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, J. B., & Williams, P. H. (1984). Controlled droplet applicators for inoculation with plant pathogens. Plant Disease, 68, 107–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedras, M. S. C., Zheng, Q. A., Gadagi, R. S., & Rimmer, S. R. (2008). Phytoalexins and polar metabolites from the oilseeds canola and rapeseed: Differential metabolic responses to the biotroph Albugo candida and to abiotic stress. Phytochemistry, 69, 894–910.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petrie, G.A., & Verma, P.R. (1974). A simple method for germinating oospores of Albugo candida. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 54, 595-596.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pound, G. S., & Williams, P. H. (1963). Biologal races of Albugo candida. Phytopathology, 53, 1146–1149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rimmer, S. R., Mathur, S., & Wu, C. R. (2000). Virulence of isolates of Albugo candida from western Canada to Brassica species. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 22, 229–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saharan, G. S., & Verma, P. R. (1992). White rusts: A review of economically important species. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre (IDRC-MR315e: IV+65p).

    Google Scholar 

  • Saharan, G. S., Kaushik, C. D., & Kaushik, J. C. (1988). Sources of resistance and epidemiology of white rust of mustard. Indian Phytopathology, 41, 96–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, F. L. (1901a). Gametogenesis and fertilization in Albugo. Contribution from the Hull Botanical Laboratory. XXIX. Botanical Gazette, 32, 77–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, F. L. (1901b). Gametogenesis and fertilization in Albugo. Contribution from the Hull Botanical Laboratory. XXIX. Botanical Gazette, 32, 157–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, F. L. (1901c). Gametogenesis and fertilization in Albugo. Contribution from the Hull Botanical Laboratory. XXIX. Botanical Gazette, 32, 238–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H. (1966). On the variability of the callus of Ipomoea infected with Albugo, grown under in vitro conditions. Phytomorphology, 16, 189–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, D. V., & Singh, J. (1983). A technique for inoculating A. candida on Lahi (Indian mustard). Indian Phytopathology, 36, 139–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui, M. O., Brown, J. F., & Allen, S. J. (1975). Growth stages of sunflower and intensity indices for white blister. Plant Disease Reporter, 59, 7–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stringam, G. R. (1971). Genetics of four hypocotyls mutants in Brassica campestris L. Journal of Heridity, 62, 248–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, J. R., Verma, P. R., Dueck, J., & Spurr, D.T. (1987). Control of Albugo candida race 7 in Brassica campestris cv. Torch by foliar, seed and soil applications of metalaxyl. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 9, 137-145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma, P.R., & Petrie, G.A. (1975a). Effect of fungicides on germination of oospores of Albugo candida in vitro. Proceedings of the Canadian Phytopathological Society, 42, 29-30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma, P. R. (2012). White rust of crucifers: An overview of research progress. Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 3, 78–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma, U., & Bhowmik, T. P. (1986). A simple method of inoculating white rust on rapeseed and mustard. International Journal of Tropical Plant Disease, 4, 41–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma, U., & Bhowmik, T. P. (1988). Oospores of A. candida (Pers. ex. Lev.) Kuntze: Its germination and role as the primary source of inoculum for the white rust disease of rapeseed and mustard. International Journal of Tropical Plant Disease, 6, 265–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma, P. R., & Petrie, G. A. (1975b). Germination of oospores of A. candida. Canadian Journal of Botany, 53, 836–842.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verma, P. R., & Petrie, G. A. (1978). A detached-leaf culture technique for the study of white rust disease of Brassica species. Canadian Journal Plant Science, 58, 69–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verma, P. R., & Petrie, G. A. (1979). Effect of fungicides on germination of Albugo candida oospores in vitro and on the foliar phase of the white rust disease. Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 59, 53–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma, P. R., & Petrie, G. A. (1980). Effect of seed infestation and flower bud inoculation on systemic infection of turnip rape by A. candida. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 60, 267–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verma, P. R., Harding, H., Petrie, G. A., & Williams, P. H. (1975). Infection and temporal development of mycelium of Albugo candida in cotyledons of four Brassica spp. Canadian Journal of Botany, 53, 1016–1020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verma, P. R., Spurr, D. T., & Petrie, G. A. (1983). Influence of age, and time of detachment on development of white rust in detached Brassica campestris leaves at different temperatures. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 5, 154–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verma, P. R., Saharan, G. S., Bartaria, A. M., & Shivpuri, A. (1999). Biological races of Albugo candida on Brassica juncea and B. rapa var. Toria in India. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 29, 75–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vyalykh, A. K., & Lanetskii, V. P. (1974). Luminescent microscopic method for determining viability of spores of the genus Albugo. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya, 8, 155-157 (Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wager, H. (1896). Reproduction and fertilization in Cystopus candidus, Lev. Annals of Botany, 10, 89–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. C. (1957). Plant Pathology (pp. 214–219). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., & Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal genes for phylogenetics. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, & T. J. White (Eds.), PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications (pp. 315–322). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P. H. (1985). White rust (Albugo candida (Pers. ex. Hook.) Kuntze.). Crucifer genetics cooperative (CRGC) resource book. University of Wisconsin. (pp. 1–7).

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P. H., & Hill, C. B. (1986). Rapid cycling populations of Brassica. Science, 232, 1385–1389.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zalewski, A. (1883). Zur Kenntniss der Gattung Cystopus. Botanisches Zentralblatt 15, 215–224.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Govind Singh Saharan .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Saharan, G., Verma, P., Meena, P., Kumar, A. (2014). Techniques. In: White Rust of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Management. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1792-3_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics