Abstract
The nonseptate and intercellular mycelium of Albugo species feeds by means of globose or knob-shaped intracellular haustoria, one to several in each host cells. The detail of haustorial formation and development has been given by Berlin and Bowen (American Journal of Botany, 51, 650–652,1964a, American Journal of Botany, 51, 445–452, b); Coffey (Canadian Journal of Botany, 53, 1285–1299, 1975, Canadian Journal of Botany, 61, 2004–2014, 1983); Davison (Fr. Annals of Botany (Lond.), 32, 613–621, 1968); Fraymouth (Transactions of British Mycological Society, 39, 79–107, 1956), and Wager (Annals of Botany, 10, 89–91 , 1896).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alexander, H. M., & Burdon, J. J. (1984). The effect of disease induced by A. candida (white rust) and P. parasitica (downy mildew) on the survival and reproduction of Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepherd’s purse). Oecologia, 64, 314–318.
Armstrong, T. (2007). Molecular detection and pathology of the oomycete Albugo candida (white rust) in threatened coastal cresses. DOC Research & Development Series 274. Wellington: Science and Technical Publishing (pp. 5–18). (Department of Conservation)
Berlin, J. D., & Bowen, C. C. (1964a). Centrioles in fungus Albugo candida. American Journal of Botany, 51, 650–652.
Berlin, J. D., & Bowen, C. C. (1964b). The host-parasite interface of Albugo candida on Raphanus sativus. American Journal of Botany, 51, 445–452.
Black, M. C., & Dainello, F. J. (1986). Comparison of percent leaf area with white rust lesions and two other methods for evaluating partial resistance to A. occidentalis in spinach. Phytopathology, 76, 1087. (Abstr.)
Coffey, M. D. (1975). Ultrastructural features of the haustorial apparatus of the white blister fungus A. candida. Canadian Journal of Botany, 53, 1285–1299.
Coffey, M. D. (1983). Cytochemical specialization at the haustorial interface of a biotrophic fungal parasite Albugo candida. Canadian Journal of Botany, 61, 2004–2014.
Davison, E. M. (1968). Cytochemistry and ultrastructure of hyphae and haustoria of P. parasitica (Pers. ex Fr.). Fr. Annals of Botany (Lond.), 32, 613–621.
DeBary, A. (1866). Morphologie und physiologic der Pilze, Flechten und Myxomyceten. Leipzig: Welhelm Engelmann.
Fan, Z., Rimmer, S. R., & Stefansson, B. R. (1983). Inheritance of resistance to Albugo candida in rape (Brassica napus L.). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 25, 420–424.
Francis, S. A., Dewey, F. M., & Gurr, S. J. (1996). The role of cutinase in germling development and infection by Erysiphe graminis fsp. hordei. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 49, 201–211.
Fraymouth, J. (1956). Haustoria of the Peronosoporales. Transactions of British Mycological Society, 39, 79–107.
Fox, D. T., & Williams, P. H. (1984). Correlation of spore production by A. candida and a visual white rust rating scale. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 6, 175–178.
Goyal, B. K., Verma, P. R., & Spurr, D. T. (1995). Temperature effects on oospore development of Albugo candida race 2V in detached Brassica juncea leaves. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 26, 224–228.
Goyal, B. K., Verma, P. R., Spurr, D. T., & Reddy, M. S. (1996a). Albugo candida staghead formation in Brassica juncea in relation to plant age, inoculation sites, and incubation conditions. Plant Pathology, 45, 787–794.
Goyal, B. K., Verma, P. R., Seguin-Swartz, G., & Spurr, D. T. (1996b). Growth of Albugo candida in leaf callus cultures of Brassica rapa. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 18, 225–232.
Hartmann, H., & Watson, A. K. (1980). Damage to common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) caused by the white rust fungus A. tragopogi. Weed Science, 28, 632–635.
Heald, F. D. (1926). Diseases due to downy mildew and allies. In J. C. Lean (Ed.), Manual of plant diseases. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc. (Vol. 16, pp. 390–426).
Hudspeth, D. S. S., Nadler, S. A., & Hudspeth, M. E. S. (2000). A cox2 phylogeny of the Peronosporomycestes (Oomycetes). Mycologia, 92, 674–684.
Jacobson, D. J., LeFebvre, S. M., Ojerio, R. S., Berwald, N., & Heikkinen, E. (1998). Persistent, systemic, asymptomatic infections of A. candida, an oomycete parasite, detected in three wild crucifer species. Canadian Journal of Botany, 76, 739–750.
Jenkyn, J. F., Hirst, J. M., & King, G. (1973). An apparatus for the isolated propagation of foliar pathogens and their hosts. Annals of Applied Biology, 73, 9–13.
Kolte, S. J., Sachan, J. N., & Rimmer, S. R. (1998). A new simple technique for development of seedling infection of white rust of rapeseed-mustard from oospores of A. candida. Indian Phytopathology, 51, 287–289.
Lahiri, I., & Bhowmik, T.P. (1993). Growth of the white rust fungus Albugo candida in callus tissue of Brassica juncea. Journal of General Microbiology, 139, 2875-2878.
Lakra, B. S., & Saharan, G. S. (1988b). Influence of host resistance on colonization and incubation period of A. candida in mustard. Cruciferae Newsletter, 13, 108–109.
Lakra, B. S., & Saharan, G. S. (1989). Sporangial viability of Albugo candida infecting mustard under different storage conditions. Oil Crops Newsletter, 6, 22–24.
Lakra, B. S., & Saharan, G. S. (1988c). Morphological and pathological variations in Albugo candida associated with Brassica species. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 18, 149–156.
Lakra, B. S., & Saharan, G. S. (1990). Role of host resistance and planting time in progression of white rust and yield of mustard. Indian Phytopathology, 43, 201–206.
Lee, S. B., & Taylor, J. W. (1990). Isolation of DNA from fungal mycelia and single spores. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, & T. J. White (Eds.), PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications (pp. 282–287). San Diego: Academic Press.
Leckie, D., Astley, D., Crute, I. R., Ellis, P. R., Pink, D. A. C., Boukema, I., Monteiro, A. A., & Dias, J. S. (1996). The location and exploitation of genes for pest and disease resistance in European gene bank collection of Horticultural Brassicas. In J. S. Dias, I. R. Crute, & A. A. Monteiro (Eds.), Proceedings of international symposium on Brassicas, 9th crucifer genetics workshop (Vols. 407, pp. 95–101) (Acta Hort.).
Liu, J. Q., & Rimmer, S. R. (1993). Production and germination of oospore of A. candida inoculum. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 15, 265–271.
Liu, J. Q., Rimmer, S. R., & Scarth, R. (1989). Histopathology of compatibility and incompatibility between oilseed rape and Albugo candida. Plant Pathology, 38, 176–182.
Li, C. X., Sivasithamparam, K., Walton, G., Salisbury, P., Burton, W., Banga, S. S., Banga, S., Chattopadhyay, C., Kumar, A., Singh, R., Singh, D., Agnohotri, A., Liu, S. Y., Li, Y. C., Fu, T. D., Wang, Y. F., & Barbetti, M. J. (2007). Expression and relationships of resistance to white rust (Albugo candida) at cotyledonary, seedling, and flowering stages in Brassica juncea germplasm from Australia, China, and India. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 58, 259–264.
Meena, P. D., & Sharma, P. (2012). Methodology for production and germination of oospores of Albugo candida infecting oilseed. Brassica Vegetos, 25, 115–119.
Meena, S. S., Brar, K. S., Chauhan, J. S., Meena, P. D., Sandhu, P. S., Awasthi, R. P., Rathi, A. S., Kumar, Ashok, Gupta, J. C., & Kolte, S. J. (2011). GGE Biplot analysis of Brassica genotypes for white rust disease severity under aided epiphytotic conditions in India (pp. 1201–1204). Prague: Proceedings of 13th International Rapeseed Congress.
Mayee, C. D., & Datar, V. V. (1986). Host range and disease assessment scales. Parbhani: Phytopathnometry (pp. 110–111) (Marathwada Agricultural University).
Meena, P. D. (2007). Report on attachment training at Rothamsted Research, UK under DFID Oilseeds Brassica Improvement Programme, pp. 70.
Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473–497.
Nath, M. D., Sharma, S. L., & Kant, U. (2000). Growth of Albugo candida infected mustard callus in culture. Mycopathologia, 152, 147–153.
O’Brien, M. J., & Webb, R. E. (1958). Preservation of conidia of A.occidentalis and Peronospora effusa obligate parasites of spinach. Plant Disease Report, 42, 1312–1315.
Perry, J. B., & Williams, P. H. (1984). Controlled droplet applicators for inoculation with plant pathogens. Plant Disease, 68, 107–108.
Pedras, M. S. C., Zheng, Q. A., Gadagi, R. S., & Rimmer, S. R. (2008). Phytoalexins and polar metabolites from the oilseeds canola and rapeseed: Differential metabolic responses to the biotroph Albugo candida and to abiotic stress. Phytochemistry, 69, 894–910.
Petrie, G.A., & Verma, P.R. (1974). A simple method for germinating oospores of Albugo candida. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 54, 595-596.
Pound, G. S., & Williams, P. H. (1963). Biologal races of Albugo candida. Phytopathology, 53, 1146–1149.
Rimmer, S. R., Mathur, S., & Wu, C. R. (2000). Virulence of isolates of Albugo candida from western Canada to Brassica species. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 22, 229–235.
Saharan, G. S., & Verma, P. R. (1992). White rusts: A review of economically important species. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre (IDRC-MR315e: IV+65p).
Saharan, G. S., Kaushik, C. D., & Kaushik, J. C. (1988). Sources of resistance and epidemiology of white rust of mustard. Indian Phytopathology, 41, 96–99.
Stevens, F. L. (1901a). Gametogenesis and fertilization in Albugo. Contribution from the Hull Botanical Laboratory. XXIX. Botanical Gazette, 32, 77–98.
Stevens, F. L. (1901b). Gametogenesis and fertilization in Albugo. Contribution from the Hull Botanical Laboratory. XXIX. Botanical Gazette, 32, 157–169.
Stevens, F. L. (1901c). Gametogenesis and fertilization in Albugo. Contribution from the Hull Botanical Laboratory. XXIX. Botanical Gazette, 32, 238–261.
Singh, H. (1966). On the variability of the callus of Ipomoea infected with Albugo, grown under in vitro conditions. Phytomorphology, 16, 189–192.
Singh, D. V., & Singh, J. (1983). A technique for inoculating A. candida on Lahi (Indian mustard). Indian Phytopathology, 36, 139–140.
Siddiqui, M. O., Brown, J. F., & Allen, S. J. (1975). Growth stages of sunflower and intensity indices for white blister. Plant Disease Reporter, 59, 7–11.
Stringam, G. R. (1971). Genetics of four hypocotyls mutants in Brassica campestris L. Journal of Heridity, 62, 248–250.
Stone, J. R., Verma, P. R., Dueck, J., & Spurr, D.T. (1987). Control of Albugo candida race 7 in Brassica campestris cv. Torch by foliar, seed and soil applications of metalaxyl. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 9, 137-145.
Verma, P.R., & Petrie, G.A. (1975a). Effect of fungicides on germination of oospores of Albugo candida in vitro. Proceedings of the Canadian Phytopathological Society, 42, 29-30.
Verma, P. R. (2012). White rust of crucifers: An overview of research progress. Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 3, 78–87.
Verma, U., & Bhowmik, T. P. (1986). A simple method of inoculating white rust on rapeseed and mustard. International Journal of Tropical Plant Disease, 4, 41–43.
Verma, U., & Bhowmik, T. P. (1988). Oospores of A. candida (Pers. ex. Lev.) Kuntze: Its germination and role as the primary source of inoculum for the white rust disease of rapeseed and mustard. International Journal of Tropical Plant Disease, 6, 265–269.
Verma, P. R., & Petrie, G. A. (1975b). Germination of oospores of A. candida. Canadian Journal of Botany, 53, 836–842.
Verma, P. R., & Petrie, G. A. (1978). A detached-leaf culture technique for the study of white rust disease of Brassica species. Canadian Journal Plant Science, 58, 69–73.
Verma, P. R., & Petrie, G. A. (1979). Effect of fungicides on germination of Albugo candida oospores in vitro and on the foliar phase of the white rust disease. Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 59, 53–59.
Verma, P. R., & Petrie, G. A. (1980). Effect of seed infestation and flower bud inoculation on systemic infection of turnip rape by A. candida. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 60, 267–271.
Verma, P. R., Harding, H., Petrie, G. A., & Williams, P. H. (1975). Infection and temporal development of mycelium of Albugo candida in cotyledons of four Brassica spp. Canadian Journal of Botany, 53, 1016–1020.
Verma, P. R., Spurr, D. T., & Petrie, G. A. (1983). Influence of age, and time of detachment on development of white rust in detached Brassica campestris leaves at different temperatures. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 5, 154–157.
Verma, P. R., Saharan, G. S., Bartaria, A. M., & Shivpuri, A. (1999). Biological races of Albugo candida on Brassica juncea and B. rapa var. Toria in India. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 29, 75–82.
Vyalykh, A. K., & Lanetskii, V. P. (1974). Luminescent microscopic method for determining viability of spores of the genus Albugo. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya, 8, 155-157 (Russian).
Wager, H. (1896). Reproduction and fertilization in Cystopus candidus, Lev. Annals of Botany, 10, 89–91.
Walker, J. C. (1957). Plant Pathology (pp. 214–219). New York: McGraw-Hill.
White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., & Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal genes for phylogenetics. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, & T. J. White (Eds.), PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications (pp. 315–322). San Diego: Academic Press.
Williams, P. H. (1985). White rust (Albugo candida (Pers. ex. Hook.) Kuntze.). Crucifer genetics cooperative (CRGC) resource book. University of Wisconsin. (pp. 1–7).
Williams, P. H., & Hill, C. B. (1986). Rapid cycling populations of Brassica. Science, 232, 1385–1389.
Zalewski, A. (1883). Zur Kenntniss der Gattung Cystopus. Botanisches Zentralblatt 15, 215–224.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer India
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saharan, G., Verma, P., Meena, P., Kumar, A. (2014). Techniques. In: White Rust of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Management. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1792-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1792-3_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-1791-6
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-1792-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)